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image of Investigation of Lead, Nickel, and Cadmium Levels in Urine Samples of Healthy and Patients with Kidney Failure in Al-muthanna Governorate, Iraq

Abstract

Background

The Iraqi ecosystem, particularly in the southern area, has been polluted due to human activity. Analyzing biological materials is the most common method for detecting the presence of toxic substances in the human body.

Method

Heavy metal levels of Pb, Ni, and Cd in urine specimens collected from individuals with renal failure and healthy individuals residing in Al-Muthanna province were measured by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Urine Specimens were collected from two cohorts of male and female participants: the group of individuals with renal failure and the group of individuals who are in good condition. The specimens of urine from both the group of patients with renal failure and the group of healthy individuals were taken from the Al-Muthanna governorate in southern Iraq. This governorate served as a focal point for extensive military operations throughout the Gulf War.

Results

The concentrations of toxic substances (Pb, Ni, and Cd) in the urine specimens of the cohort of patients suffering from renal failure are 0.411, 0.197, and 0.113 mg/l, respectively. Concentrations of (Pb, Ni, and Cd) in the healthy group are 0.249, 0.101, and 0.0294 mg/l, respectively. The toxic metals found in urine samples can be organized in the following order: Pb > Ni > Cd.

Conclusion

The findings indicated that the concentrations of toxic substances in specimens of urine from individuals with renal failure are considerably greater than those in the control group of healthy individuals. According to the findings, patients' incidence of renal failure may be related to the prevalence of harmful compounds in southern Iraq.

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2024-10-29
2025-07-30

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/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110331613241022115108
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Investigation of Lead, Nickel, and Cadmium Levels in Urine Samples of Healthy and Patients with Kidney Failure in Al-muthanna Governorate, Iraq
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110331613241022115108
/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110331613241022115108
/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110331613241022115108
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: southern Iraq ; kidney failure patients ; Internal exposure ; toxic elements ; atomic absorption spectroscopy

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