Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Current Analytical Chemistry
  4. Fast Track Articles
  5. Fast Track Article
image of Determination of Flavonoid Content in Brazilian Propolis Extracts by 
UV-Vis Spectroscopy and PLS Regression

Abstract

Background

The determination of flavonoid content in propolis is very important because these substances are assigned various biological properties present in propolis and their content is regulated by Brazilian legislation. The spectrophotometric method, based on the formation of a yellow complex between Al(III) and carbonyl and hydroxyl groups of flavonoids, is the most used to determine flavonoid content but is time-consuming (only after one hour the absorbance of the solutions can be read) and reagents.

Objective

This work proposes a simple method to determine flavonoid content using UV-Vis and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression.

Methods

A robust PLS spectrophotometric method for the quantification of flavonoids in propolis, based on spectra of ethanol-diluted samples, was developed and a complete validation was done in this model, estimating several figures of merit.

Results

The model built proved to be very effective, showing good results for flavonoid content, with a range of 0.06 to 1.50%mass, providing root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.05%mass.

Conclusion

This proposed model has the advantage of being less laborious and faster, involves a small amount of solvents, is an alternative to routine analysis, and can be used as a screening method.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110330771241119102633
2025-01-03
2025-01-26

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110330771241119102633
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Park Y.K. Alencar S.M. Aguiar C.L. Botanical origin and chemical composition of Brazilian propolis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002 50 9 2502 2506 10.1021/jf011432b 11958612
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Toreti V.C. Sato H.H. Pastore G.M. Park Y.K. Recent progress of propolis for its biological and chemical compositions and its botanical origin. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2013 2013 1 13 10.1155/2013/697390 23737843
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Salatino A. Teixeira É.W. Negri G. Message D. Origin and chemical variation of Brazilian propolis. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2005 2 1 33 38 10.1093/ecam/neh060 15841276
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Castaldo S. Capasso F. Propolis, an old remedy used in modern medicine. Fitoterapia 2002 73 Suppl. 1 S1 S6 10.1016/S0367‑326X(02)00185‑5 12495704
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Banskota A.H. Tezuka Y. Kadota S. Recent progress in pharmacological research of propolis. Phytother. Res. 2001 15 7 561 571 10.1002/ptr.1029 11746834
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Santos F.A. Bastos E.M.A. Uzeda M. Carvalho M.A.R. Farias L.M. Moreira E.S.A. Braga F.C. Antibacterial activity of Brazilian propolis and fractions against oral anaerobic bacteria. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002 80 1 1 7 10.1016/S0378‑8741(02)00003‑X 11891080
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Paulino N. Abreu S.R.L. Uto Y. Koyama D. Nagasawa H. Hori H. Dirsch V.M. Vollmar A.M. Scremin A. Bretz W.A. Anti-inflammatory effects of a bioavailable compound, Artepillin C, in Brazilian propolis. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2008 587 1-3 296 301 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.067 18474366
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gómez-Caravaca A.M. Gómez-Romero M. Arráez-Román D. Segura-Carretero A. Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Advances in the analysis of phenolic compounds in products derived from bees. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2006 41 4 1220 1234 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.03.002 16621403
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Brasil Identity and quality technicians of apitoxin, beeswax, royal jelly, bee pollen, propolis and propolis extract, ministry of agriculture, livestock and supply. 2001
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Sawaya A.C.H.F. Barbosa da Silva Cunha I. Marcucci M.C. Analytical methods applied to diverse types of Brazilian propolis. Chem. Cent. J. 2011 5 1 27 10.1186/1752‑153X‑5‑27 21631940
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Merken H.M. Beecher G.R. Measurement of food flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography: A review. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000 48 3 577 599 10.1021/jf990872o 10725120
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Stalikas C.D. Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids. J. Sep. Sci. 2007 30 18 3268 3295 10.1002/jssc.200700261 18069740
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Nolvachai Y. Marriott P.J. GC for flavonoids analysis: Past, current, and prospective trends. J. Sep. Sci. 2013 36 1 20 36 10.1002/jssc.201200846 23255286
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hernández Zarate M.S. Abraham Juárez M.R. Cerón García A. Ozuna López C. Gutiérrez Chávez A.J. Segoviano Garfias J.J.N. Avila Ramos F. Flavonoids, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of propolis from various areas of Guanajuato, Mexico. Food Sci. Technol. (Campinas) 2018 38 2 210 215 10.1590/fst.29916
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Machado B.A.S. Silva R.P.D. Barreto G.A. Costa S.S. Silva D.F. Brandão H.N. Rocha J.L.C. Dellagostin O.A. Henriques J.A.P. Umsza-Guez M.A. Padilha F.F. Chemical composition and biological activity of extracts obtained by supercritical extraction and ethanolic extraction of brown. green and red propolis derived from different geographic regions in Brazil. PLoS One 2016 11 1 e0145954 10.1371/journal.pone.0145954 26745799
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Monroy Y.M. Rodrigues R.A.F. Rodrigues M.V.N. Sant’Ana A.S. Silva B.S. Cabral F.A. Brazilian green propolis extracts obtained by conventional processes and by processes at high pressure with supercritical carbon dioxide, ethanol and water. J. Supercrit. Fluids 2017 130 189 197 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.08.006
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Mammen D. Daniel M. A critical evaluation on the reliability of two aluminum chloride chelation methods for quantification of flavonoids. Food Chem. 2012 135 3 1365 1368 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.109 22953867
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Marghitas L.A.L. Dezmirean D. Laslo L. Moise A. Popescu O. Maghear O. Validated method for estimation of total flavonoids in Romanian propolis. Bulletin USAMV-CN 2007 64 63 64 10.15835/buasvmcn‑asb:64:1‑2:2220
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Popova M. Chen C.N. Chen P.Y. Huang C.Y. Bankova V. A validated spectrophotometric method for quantification of prenylated flavanones in pacific propolis from Taiwan. Phytochem. Anal. 2010 21 2 186 191 10.1002/pca.1176 19856482
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Croci A.N. Lazar D. Potorac L. Corciova A. Ivanescu B. Lazar M.I. Spectrofotometric determination of flavonic compounds from propolis. Farmacia 2009 57 104 108
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Mello B.C.B.S. Petrus J.C.C. Hubinger M.D. Concentration of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in aqueous and ethanolic propolis extracts through nanofiltration. J. Food Eng. 2010 96 4 533 539 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.08.040
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Malesev D. Kuntic V. Investigation of metal-flavonoid chelates and the determination of flavonoids via metal-flavonoid complexing reactions. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 2007 72 10 921 939 10.2298/JSC0710921M
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Mabry T.J. Markham K.R. Thomas M.B. The Systematic Identification of Flavonoids Berlin Springer 1970 10.1007/978‑3‑642‑88458‑0
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Betances-Salcedo E. Revilla I. Vivar-Quintana A. González-Martín M. Flavonoid and antioxidant capacity of propolis prediction using near infrared spectroscopy. Sensors (Basel) 2017 17 7 1647 10.3390/s17071647 28718789
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Cristina Marcucci M. Salatino A. Farias Azevedo de Magalhães Oliveira L. Passarelli Gonçalves C. Accessible methodologies for quantification of flavonoids and total phenols in propolis. Rev. Revista Virtual de Química 2021 13 1 61 73 10.21577/1984‑6835.20200131
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Chang C.C. Yang M.H. Wen H.M. Chern J.C. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colometric methods. Yao Wu Shi Pin Fen Xi 2020 10 3 178 182 10.38212/2224‑6614.2748
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Cai R. Wang S. Meng Y. Meng Q. Zhao W. Rapid quantification of flavonoids in propolis and previous study for classification of propolis from different origins by using near infrared spectroscopy. Anal. Methods 2012 4 8 2388 2395 10.1039/c2ay25184a
    [Google Scholar]
  28. de Carvalho B.M.A. de Carvalho L.M. dos Reis Coimbra J.S. Minim L.A. de Souza Barcellos E. da Silva Júnior W.F. Detmann E. de Carvalho G.G.P. Rapid detection of whey in milk powder samples by spectrophotometric and multivariate calibration. Food Chem. 2015 174 1 7 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.003 25529644
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Kalita D. Bhattacharya S. Srivastava B. Predicting enzymatic starch hydrolysis mechanism during paddy malting by vibrational spectroscopy and multivariate calibration analysis. Food Chem. 2018 259 89 98 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.094 29680067
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Godinho R.B. Santos M.C. Poppi R.J. Determination of fragrance content in perfume by Raman spectroscopy and multivariate calibration. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2016 157 158 163 10.1016/j.saa.2015.12.025 26771246
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Nie P. Xia Z. Sun D.W. He Y. Application of visible and near infrared spectroscopy for rapid analysis of chrysin and galangin in Chinese propolis. Sensors (Basel) 2013 13 8 10539 10549 10.3390/s130810539 23945741
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Barbeira P.J.S. Paganotti R.S.N. Ássimos A.A. Development of a multivariate calibration model for the determination of dry extract content in Brazilian commercial bee propolis extracts through UV–Vis spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2013 114 441 448 10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.009 23792239
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Paganotti R. Rezende J. Barbeira P. Discrimination between producing regions of Brazilian propolis by UV-vis spectroscopy and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Curr. Anal. Chem. 2013 10 4 537 544 10.2174/15734110113099990030
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Paula V.B. Estevinho L.M. Dias L.G. Quantification of three phenolic classes and total phenolic content of propolis extracts using a single UV-vis spectrum. J. Apic. Res. 2017 56 5 569 580 10.1080/00218839.2017.1370904
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Kennard R.W. Stone L.A. Computer-aided design of experiments. Technometrics 1969 11 1 137 148 10.1080/00401706.1969.10490666
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Longhini R. Raksa S.M. Oliveira A.C.P. Svidzinski T.I.E. Franco S.L. Antifungal activity evaluation of different propolis extracts. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2007 17 388 395 10.1590/S0102‑695X2007000300015
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Valderrama P. Braga J.W.B. Poppi R.J. Variable selection, outlier detection, and figures of merit estimation in a partial least-squares regression multivariate calibration model. A case study for the determination of quality parameters in the alcohol industry by near-infrared spectroscopy. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007 55 21 8331 8338 10.1021/jf071538s 17927144
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Horwitz W. Protocol for the design, conduct and interpretation of method-performance studies: Revised 1994 (Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 1995 67 2 331 343 10.1351/pac199567020331
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Olivieri A.C. Faber N.M. Ferré J. Boqué R. Kalivas J.H. Mark H. Uncertainty estimation and figures of merit for multivariate calibration (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 2006 78 3 633 661 10.1351/pac200678030633
    [Google Scholar]
  40. European Commission (EC). 96/23/EC concerning the performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of results. Off. J. Eur. Commun. 2002 221 8 36
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Williams P. Norris K. Implementation of near-infrared technology. Near-Infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries St. Paul American Association of Cereal Chemists Inc 2001 145 169
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Williams P. Sobering D.C. How do we do it: A brief summary of the methods we use in developing near infrared calibration. Near Infrared Spectroscopy: The Future Waves Chichester NIR Publications Davis A.M.C. Williams P. 1996 185 188
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110330771241119102633
Loading
Determination of Flavonoid Content in Brazilian Propolis Extracts by 
UV-Vis Spectroscopy and PLS Regression
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110330771241119102633
/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110330771241119102633
/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110330771241119102633
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: flavonoids ; spectrophotometry ; Chemometrics ; PLS ; propolis ; quality control

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test