Gemini Curcumin Suppresses Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer OVCAR-3 Cells via Induction of Apoptosis

Background: Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies. Despite recent advances in treatment, most patients still suffer from poor prognosis. Curcumin has shown highly cytotoxic effects against different types of cancer. However, its poor bioavailability restricts its clinical application. Gemini Curcumin (Gemini-Cur) has been developed to overcome this limitation. Objective: Here, we aimed to unravel the inhibitory effect of Gemini-Cur in ovarian cancer. Methods: OVCAR-3 cells were treated with free curcumin and Gemni-Cur in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Then, the anticancer activity was investigated by uptake kinetics, cellular viability and apoptotic assays. Furthermore, we evaluated the BAX/Bcl-2 expression ratio by real-time PCR and western blotting. Results: Our data showed that gemini surfactant nanoparticles enhance the cellular uptake of curcumin compared to free curcumin (p<0.01). Regarding the growth inhibitory effect of nano-curcumin, the results demonstrated that Gemini-Cur suppresses the proliferation of OVCAR-3 cells through induction of apoptosis (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results illustrate that Gemini-Cur nanoparticles have a great potential for developing novel therapeutics against ovarian cancer.