Fault Tolerance in WSN Through Uniform Load Distribution Function

Aim: The existing cluster-based energy-efficient models such as Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Stable Election Protocol (SEP) unable for the distribution of sensor nodes uniformly during cluster formation. The non-uniform cluster distribution structure leads to rapid energy depletion and high energy consumption. So, this paper aims to create uniform load-based cluster formation. Background: This proposed idea is generated from the famous saying "If a Fault is Handling Another Fault Then That's not a Fault". Designing of energy-efficient and fault-tolerant model is indeed wireless sensor network deployments. The involvement of WSN's is not only limited to domestic purposes but also applied in a harsh and hostile environment. Objective: In this paper, we focus on the energy depletion-based fault occurrence and its tolerance. Here, we propose a Uniform Load Distribution Function (ULDF) with two objectives. The first one is to form equilibrium energy level clusters, and the second one is to avoid the frequent involvement of SNs in cluster formation. The proposed function is compared against the performance of both homogeneous LEACH and heterogeneous SEP protocols. Methods: Efficient clustering through equal distribution of SNs based on their current residual energy. Results: Our analysis concludes with the results where the proposed ULDF perform better than LEACH and SEP and reduces SNs involvement in cluster formation, which indirectly implies minimum energy consumption. Conclusion: Energy saving through uniform load distribution.