Methods in Cytotoxicity Testing: A Review

Background: Exposure of newly synthesized biomaterials and drugs to humans needs a strict monitoring to minimize or prevent the after effects. One of the commonly used tests in ensuring the safety of new products is cytotoxicity testing. Cytotoxicity testing enables to observe cell growth, viability and morphological effects of biomaterials in vitro. Considering the advantages of the cytotoxicity tests, researchers employ this as a pilot test before applying in animals. Through times, many cytotoxicity assays have been developed which provide more options for the researchers. Objective: This article aims to provide an overview of the different methods employed in cytotoxicity testing. Method: Based on a thorough literature review, various cytotoxicity assays and some patents of application were identified and discussed. Results: The advantages and disadvantages of each cytotoxicity assay were identified that would help the researcher in selecting a suitable assay which can yield a more accurate result and at the same time, minimize both cost and time. Conclusion: The conclusion highlights the relevance of various cytotoxicity assays for selection of an appropriate test.