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Volume 24, Issue 24
  • ISSN: 1568-0266
  • E-ISSN: 1873-4294

Abstract

Introduction

This study explores the potential of the endophytic fungus AKW for melanin production and its anticancer activity.

Methods

We report a significant achievement: AKW synthesized 4.89 g/l of melanin in a simple fermentation medium devoid of tyrosine, a precursor typically required for melanin biosynthesis. This suggests a potentially novel pathway for melanin production compared to previous studies relying on complex media and tyrosine. Furthermore, the isolated and characterized melanin exhibited promising selectivity as an anti-cancer agent. It triggered apoptosis in A431 cancer cells, demonstrating some selectivity compared to normal cells. This selectivity was confirmed by IC values and further supported by gene expression changes in A431 cells. Melanin treatment downregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 gene while upregulating pro-apoptotic Bax and p53 genes, indicating its ability to induce programmed cell death in cancer cells.

Results

Our results demonstrate that AKW-derived melanin exhibits cytotoxic effects against A431, HEPG2, and MCF7 cell lines. Interestingly, the present fungal strain synthesized melanin in a simple medium without requiring precursors.

Conclusion

The selective activity of the current melanin towards cancer cells, its ability to induce apoptosis, and its relatively low toxicity towards normal cells warrant further investigation for its development as a novel therapeutic option.

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers
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2025-01-22

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Melanin Synthesized by the Endophytic Aureobasidium pullulans AKW: A Multifaceted Biomolecule with Antioxidant, Wound Healing, and Selective Anti-Cancer Activity
Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 24, 2141 (2024); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266300091240730111333
/content/journals/ctmc/10.2174/0115680266300091240730111333
/content/journals/ctmc/10.2174/0115680266300091240730111333
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): Antibacterial; Anticancer; Antiproliferative; Antitumor; Apoptosis; Endophytic

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