Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Promotes the Proangiogenic Ability of Adipose Stem Cells from Obese Subjects via the IL-6 Signaling Pathway

Background: The prevalence of obesity, as well as obesity-induced chronic inflammatory diseases, is increasing worldwide. Chronic inflammation is related to the complex process of angiogenesis, and we found that adipose-derived stem cells from obese subjects (obADSCs) had proangiogenic features, including higher expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), Notch ligands and receptors, and proangiogenic cytokines, than those from control subjects. We hypothesized that IL-6 and Notch signaling pathways are essential for regulating the proangiogenic characteristics of obADSCs. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) promotes the proangiogenic capacity of adipose stem cells in obese subjects via the IL-6 signaling pathway. Methods: We compared the phenotype analysis as well as cell doubling time, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and proangiogenic properties of ADSCs in vitro. Moreover, we used small interfering RNAs to inhibit the gene and protein expression of IL-6. Results: We found that ADSCs isolated from control individuals (chADSCs) and obADSCs had similar phenotypes and growth characteristics, and chADSCs had a stronger differentiation ability than obADSCs. However, obADSCs were more potent in promoting EA.hy926 cell migration and tube formation than chADSCs in vitro. We confirmed that IL-6 siRNA significantly reduced the transcriptional level of IL-6 in obADSCs, thereby reducing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- A, VEGF receptor 2, transforming growth factor β, and Notch ligands and receptors in obADSCs. Conclusion: The finding suggests that inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes the proangiogenic ability of obADSCs via the IL-6 signaling pathway.