Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-derived Stem Cells in the Treatment of Pulmonary Diseases

Stem cells derived from adipose tissues (ADSCs) have emerged as an ideal candidate for various models of respiratory diseases, including asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome. ADSCs have qualities that may make them better suited for treating inflammatory lung diseases than other MSCs. ADSCs show a lower senescence ratio, higher proliferative capacity and stability in terms of their genetic and morphology during long-term culture over Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMMSCs). With enhanced research methodologies, the beneficial benefits of ADSCs appear to be restricted to their capacity to engraft, differentiate, and be connected to trophic factor secretion. These trophic factors influence treatment and regenerative results in a variety of lung inflammatory disorders. Taken together, these particular qualities of ADSCs make them significantly relevant for clinical applications. This article discusses a recent advance of ADSCs biology and their translational application, emphasizing their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, particularly on lung inflammatory diseases. Besides, the relevant advancements made in the field, the regulatory aspects, and other challenges and obstacles will be highlighted.