Autologous CD19-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)T-Cells as the Future of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune illness with an unclear etiology and a range of clinical manifestations. The therapeutic results of current conventional treatments are frequently unsatisfactory. Many B-cell-directed immunotherapies have recently been discovered, as B cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of SLE. However, large-scale rituximab trials found that the antibody against CD20 was no better than a placebo. Autologous CAR T-cell therapy has garnered considerable interest and is considered a potential treatment option for SLE. CD19+CD20- B cells are thought to play an essential role in the onset and progression of SLE. CD19-targeted CAR T-cells destroy B cells without requiring an accessory cell type, thereby decreasing B cells more efficiently. Preclinical trials of CAR T-cells in mice have shown promising results against SLE. The review aimed to shed light on autologous CD19-targeted CAR T-cells as a potential treatment for SLE.