The Clinical Spectrum of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a serious and potentially life-threatening systemic fibrosing disorder. The condition is strongly linked to renal disease and significant evidence suggests an association with prior exposure to gadolinium-containing contrast agents, especially when used at higher doses for magnetic resonance angiography. This paper describes the clinical spectrum of disease as well as features that should suggest a diagnosis of NSF.