An Inclusive Perception on Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Risk Factors Associated With Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is one of the most common and oldest human afflictions caused by the deadly pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its infection is drastically increasing worldwide with time despite the application of various antibiotics and live attenuated vaccines. The major risk factor associated with tuberculosis is the long-term malfunction of the respiratory system that increases deaths, whereas the continuous emergence of drug-resistant MTB strains (MDR/TDR/XDR) acts as a driving force to accelerate additional obstacles to humankind. Researchers are effortlessly in-volved in a systematic examination of tuberculosis and drug designing against it, but still, we could not find a permanent cure for tuberculosis. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to analyse patho-genesis, epidemiology, and associated risk factors to plan an overall strategy against this deadly dis-ease. In the present study, we have gone through a comprehensive literature survey to provide all related information that may assist us in understanding this disease and designing strategic plan-ning. This study would fill the gap created due to a lack of knowledge on MTB infection and mo-lecular mechanisms, which is the biggest hurdle in finding a therapeutic lead against tuberculosis.