Lipid-based Vehicles for siRNA Delivery in Biomedical Field

Background: Genetic drugs have aroused much attention in the past twenty years. RNA interference (RNAi) offers novel insights into discovering potential gene functions and therapies targeting genetic diseases. Small interference RNA (siRNA), typically 21-23 nucleotides in length, can specifically degrade complementary mRNA. However, targeted delivery and controlled release of siRNA remain a great challenge. Methods: Different types of lipid-based delivery vehicles have been synthesized, such as liposomes, lipidoids, micelles, lipoplexes and lipid nanoparticles. These carriers commonly have a core-shell structure. For active targeting, ligands may be conjugated to the surface of lipid particles. Results: Lipid-based drug delivery vehicles can be utilized in anti-viral or anti-tumor therapies. They can also be used to tackle genetic diseases or discover novel druggable genes. Conclusion: In this review, the structures of lipid-based vehicles and possible surface modifications are described, and applications of delivery vehicles in biomedical field are discussed.