Targeting Brain Cancer Cells by Nanorobot, a Promising Nanovehicle: New Challenges and Future Perspectives

Advances in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine have resulted in the development of novel diagnosis and potential treatment for different types of diseases, including brain cancer. Nanomaterials are smaller in size, having a higher area to volume ratio, and can be conjugated with other molecules. Nanomaterials are excellent transport vehicles that can easily cross the extracellular matrix, cell membrane, and by crossing the blood-brain barrier, they can deliver the drugs to the remote and inaccessible internal parts of the brain. A nanorobot is a device that ranges in size from 0.1-10 micrometer and resembles in size to a red blood cell. Nanorobot is a smart robot that can patrol the bloodstream, recognize the specific target, and can release a tiny but deadly cargo of drugs or nanoparticles to kill the cancer cells. With the multidisciplinary approach of biotechnology, molecular biology, electronics, bioinformatics-based computer simulation, and molecular medicine, a self-sufficient nanodevice can be developed for brain tumor diagnosis and treatment. This review article discusses the current applications and future promises of nanorobots in brain cancer therapy.