Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Current Hypertension Reviews
  4. Volume 20, Issue 2
  5. Article
Volume 20, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 1573-4021
  • E-ISSN:

Abstract

Background

The representatives of mathematical concepts and indices allied to the Golden Ratio (GR) have been shown in the human body in superimposed human hands, phalangeal lengths of the digits, human ears, and the cardiovascular system. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the systolic blood pressure (SBP) to diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ratio measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is close to GR. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the ratios between the SBP, DBP, and PP in normotensive and hypertensive patients who were on medical treatment or not, to assess the existence of golden proportions in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results.

Material and Method

Five hundred and twenty-nine patients who underwent ABPM were retrospectively enrolled in the study population. The ABPM was programmed to measure blood pressure every 30 min during the daytime and 60 min night time. Based on the ABPM results, patients were classified as hypertensive (SBP/DBP≥130/80 mmHg) and normotensive (SBP/DBP<130/80 mmHg), depending on ESC/ESH 2018 guidelines. They were also divided into two subgroups: medicated and nonmedicated. Systolic to diastolic blood pressure ratio (SBP/DBP) and diastolic blood pressure to pulse pressure (DBP/PP) were calculated in the usual fashion in all study populations and subgroups.

Results

After the exclusion of 133 patients who did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, 396 patients were included in the statistical analysis. Mean SBP/DBP ratios were 1.66±0.15 in all the study population, 1.63±0.11 in normotensive without medication, 1.66±0.13 in normotensive with medications, 1.62±0.15 in hypertensive without medication, and 1.76±0.20 with medications.

Conclusion

We have documented that SBP to DBP ratios of untreated patients, irrespective of having normal or high blood pressure, run close around the GR. However, SBP to DBP ratios of patients having antihypertensive treatment are far from the GR.

Clinical Trial Registration Number

01.11.2022.247338

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/chyr/10.2174/0115734021267721240304104447
2024-03-14
2024-11-26

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/chyr/10.2174/0115734021267721240304104447
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. LivioM. The Golden Ratio.New YorkBroadway Books2002111
     [Google Scholar]
  2. DunlapR.A. The golden ratio and fibonacci numbers.Lucas number and generalized Fibonacci numbers.World Scientific Publishing199710.1142/3595
     [Google Scholar]
  3. AdlerI. BarabeD. JeanR.V. A history of the study of phyllotaxis.Ann. Bot.199780323124410.1006/anbo.1997.0422
     [Google Scholar]
  4. GarlandT.K. Charity, math and music-harmonious connections.White Plains, NYDale Seymore Publications1995
     [Google Scholar]
  5. LittlerJ.W. On the adaptability of man’s hand (with reference to the equiangular curve).Hand19735318719110.1016/0072‑968X(73)90027‑24583856
     [Google Scholar]
  6. HamiltonR. DunsmuirR.A. Radiographic assessment of the relative lengths of the bones of the fingers of the human hand.J. Hand Surg.200227654654810.1054/jhsb.2002.082212475513
     [Google Scholar]
  7. MarinkovićS. StankovićP. ŠtrbacM. TomićI. ĆetkovićM. Cochlea and other spiral forms in nature and art.Am. J. Otolaryngol.2012331808710.1016/j.amjoto.2011.01.00621723644
     [Google Scholar]
  8. YetkinG. SivriN. YaltaK. YetkinE. Golden Ratio is beating in our heart.Int. J. Cardiol.201316854926492710.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.09023890853
     [Google Scholar]
  9. YetkinE. TopbaşU. YanikA. YetkinG. Does systolic and diastolic blood pressure follow Golden Ratio?Int. J. Cardiol.201417631457145910.1016/j.ijcard.2014.08.06525150476
     [Google Scholar]
  10. ChemlaD. BoulateD. WeatheraldJ. LauE.M.T. AttalP. SavaleL. MontaniD. FadelE. MercierO. SitbonO. HumbertM. HervéP. Golden ratio and the proportionality between pulmonary pressure components in pulmonary arterial hypertension.Chest2019155599199810.1016/j.chest.2018.12.00630594558
     [Google Scholar]
  11. KowalczysA. BohdanM. GruchałaM. Prognostic value of daytime heart rate, blood pressure, their products and quotients in chronic heart failure.Cardiol. J.2019261202810.5603/CJ.a2017.013029131282
     [Google Scholar]
  12. AtmacaH. CuglanB. YaltaK. YetkinE. Systolic blood pressure to diastolic blood pressure ratios in diabetic and non-diabetic patients: Deviation from golden ratio.High Blood Press. Cardiovasc. Prev.202229440140410.1007/s40292‑022‑00518‑535482232
     [Google Scholar]
  13. WilliamsB. ManciaG. SpieringW. Agabiti RoseiE. AziziM. BurnierM. ClementD.L. CocaA. de SimoneG. DominiczakA. KahanT. MahfoudF. RedonJ. RuilopeL. ZanchettiA. KerinsM. KjeldsenS.E. KreutzR. LaurentS. LipG.Y.H. McManusR. NarkiewiczK. RuschitzkaF. SchmiederR.E. ShlyakhtoE. TsioufisC. AboyansV. DesormaisI. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension.J. Hypertens.201836101953204110.1097/HJH.000000000000194030234752
     [Google Scholar]
  14. HeneinM.Y. ZhaoY. NicollR. SunL. KhirA.W. FranklinK. LindqvistP. The human heart: Application of the golden ratio and angle.Int. J. Cardiol.2011150323924210.1016/j.ijcard.2011.05.09421703707
     [Google Scholar]
  15. YetkinE. ÇelikT. ArpaciM. IleriM. Left ventricular diameters as a reflection of “extreme and mean ratio”.Int. J. Cardiol.2015198858610.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.16426156320
     [Google Scholar]
  16. OzturkS. YaltaK. YetkinE. Golden ratio: A subtle regulator in our body and cardiovascular system?Int. J. Cardiol.201622314314510.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.14727537743
     [Google Scholar]
  17. SeghersM.J. LongacreJ.J. DestefanoG.A. eL. The golden proportion and beauty.Plast. Reconstr. Surg.196434438238610.1097/00006534‑196410000‑00007
     [Google Scholar]
  18. VergutsJ. AmeyeL. BourneT. TimmermanD. Normative data for uterine size according to age and gravidity and possible role of the classical golden ratio.Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol.201342671371710.1002/uog.1253823754297
     [Google Scholar]
  19. PerezJ.C. Chaos, DNA, and Neuro-computers: A golden link: The hidden language of genes, global language and order in the human genome.Speculations Sci. Technol.199114336346
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Persaud-SharmaD. O’LearyJ.P. Fibonacci series, golden proportions, and the human biology. Austin J Surg.2015251066
     [Google Scholar]
  21. ThüroffJ.W. HortW. LichtiH. Diameter of coronary arteries in 36 species of mammalian from mouse to giraffe.Basic Res. Cardiol.198479219920610.1007/BF019083066743189
     [Google Scholar]
  22. AshrafianH. AthanasiouT. Fibonacci series and coronary anatomy.Heart Lung Circ.201120748348410.1016/j.hlc.2011.02.00821489872
     [Google Scholar]
  23. BuckbergG.D. Basic science review: The helix and the heart.J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.2002124586388310.1067/mtc.2002.12243912407367
     [Google Scholar]
  24. HeneinM. LindqvistP. FrancisD. MörnerS. WaldenströmA. KazzamE. Tissue Doppler analysis of age-dependency in diastolic ventricular behaviour and filling. A cross-sectional study of healthy hearts (the Umeå General Population Heart Study).Eur. Heart J.200223216217110.1053/euhj.2001.303211785999
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/chyr/10.2174/0115734021267721240304104447
Loading
Looking at the Golden Ratio from the Blood Pressure Perspective: Assessing the Hypertensive Patients and Normotensive Subjects
Current Hypertension Reviews 20, 109 (2024); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734021267721240304104447
/content/journals/chyr/10.2174/0115734021267721240304104447
/content/journals/chyr/10.2174/0115734021267721240304104447
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): blood pressure; fibonacci; golden proportion; Golden ratio; hypertension; treatment

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test