GST T1, M1, and IRS-1 G972R Genetic Variants Association to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Egyptian Women: Linkage to Maternal Hyperglycemia

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) shares in part the pathogenic mechanisms of multiple genetic interactions. Some of the T2D susceptibility genes are encountered in association with GDM. Objective: We aimed to investigate GST T1, M1, and G972R IRS-I gene polymorphisms with the risk of developing GDM. Methods: In this randomized case-control study, pregnant women with GDM were genotyped by PCR analysis for glutathione s-transferase-T1, M1 variant polymorphisms. RFLP was done for the G972R IRS 1 gene. Their newborns were additionally assayed for the whole of the clinical, laboratory, and genetic aspects. Results: The T allele IRS-1rs1801278 TT genotype was more frequently detected in GDM mothers in comparison to healthy control ones [for TT homozygous variant; OR(CI 95%): 2.05(1.09-3.87, p: 0.025)]. Furthermore, GST T1 null was significantly presented in GDM mothers than those of control mothers [OR (CI95%: 0.29 (0.084-1.02), p:0.04]. Added to the significant correlation of glycemic indices to clinical parameters of infants born to GDM, the M1-null genotype of GST was significantly correlated (p<0.05) to abnormal values of respiratory rates and 1 minute-APGAR score noted for extra NICU care. Conclusion: Our results suggested that GST T1null and IRS-1 TT genotypic variants were claimed for GDM development among Egyptian women with a possible impact on their newly born infants.