Formulation and Characterization of Rutin Loaded Chitosan-alginate Nanoparticles: Antidiabetic and Cytotoxicity Studies

Background: The rutin loaded chitosan-alginate nanoparticles (RCANP) were prepared using an ion gelation method. The optimized RCANP4 formulation composed of rutin: alginate: chitosan with the ratio of 1.24:5:2. The particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of RCANP4 formulation were found to be 168.4 ± 11.23 nm, -24.7 ± 1.5 mV, and 91.23 ± 1.1%, respectively. The in vitro drug release of RCANP4 formulation was found to be 88.89 ± 2.9% within 24 h. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of RCANP4 revealed all characteristic groups of rutin, confirming the successful loading of rutin into the nanoparticles. Methods: Due to rutin entrapment in the chitosan sodium alginate matrix, a broad curve was observed in the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study of RCANP4. The RCANP4 was found to be uniform and spherical revealed from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). RCANP4 showed 3.54 times more bioavailability than free rutin, resulting in more internalization of rutin in systemic circulation. The results of plasma glucose levels of diabetic rats administered with RCANP4 and rutin were evident that RCANP4 showed effective antidiabetic activity compared to rutin. Results: The results obtained for glucose uptake in HepG2 cells, the RCANP4 caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in glucose uptake in contrast to rutin. In vitro cytotoxicity results explained that RCANP4 could significantly (P < 0.05) reduce the cells viability rate compared with rutin. It may be due to the internalization of RCANP4 formulations in systemic circulation. Conclusion: The results also showed that RCANP4 could significantly reduce cell viability over 24 h and 48 h compared to free rutin.