An Introduction to Hardware and Methods for Biopotential Measurements: A Review

Biopotentials are voltage signals collected at animal's or human's body surface which supply information about nerves, muscles and organs functionalities. Several kinds of biopotential, regarding the functionality of different parts of the organism, are commonly monitored in order to identify pathologies or abnormalities. Electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram and electromyogram are examples of biopotentials. A review of the challenges and often adopted solutions for biopotential measurements is presented, and also, some important related patents. The sources of interference are discussed individually as the known methods to reduce them. Some hardware parts are also analyzed, turning this review into a good starting point to deal with biopotential measurement and recording.