Hunger Hormones in Adolescents with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: An Exploratory Study

Background: Hunger hormones, including ghrelin and leptin, are associated with appetitive behaviors in various psychiatric disorders. Biochemical and hormonal status in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in adolescents is largely unexplored. Objectives: The study aimed to assess levels of leptin and ghrelin and find their association with lipid profiles in adolescents with DMDD. Methods: Twenty adolescents with a DSM 5 diagnosis of DMDD with age and gender-matched 19 healthy controls were recruited, followed by clinical assessment. They were assessed for leptin, ghrelin, and lipid profiles, respectively. Results: Adolescents with DMDD were comparable in age, education, family income, domicile status, psychiatric illness in the family, and body mass index (BMI) with matched controls. There was no difference in mean lipid profile and ghrelin in both groups. However, the DMDD group had a statistically significant higher mean level of leptin as compared to the control group (t=1.84, p < 0.05). As measured by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale in DMDD, aggression showed a significant positive correlation with lipid profile measures. Conclusion: Adolescents with DMDD have elevated serum leptin levels. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.