Application of Nanomaterials in Water Purification

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The issue of water contamination has emerged as one of the primary problems of the current century. The discharge of hazardous contaminants, rapid industrialization, and unrestricted population rise lead to the degradation of water purity. This chapter explores the nanomaterials in water purification and aims to address the critical need for efficient and sustainable water treatment solutions. With the increasing global demand for clean water, traditional treatment methods are often limited in their ability to remove emerging contaminants and often do not meet stringent quality standards. Nanomaterials have emerged as potential candidates for improving water treatment procedures because of their special features, including high efficacy, better selectivity, good stability, high surface area, eco-friendliness, and high population growth. Adsorption, photocatalysis, membrane filtration processes, and other techniques enable the effective removal of harmful contaminants from industrial waste, groundwater, and surface water by nanomaterials. The chapter’s aim is to gain comprehension of the application of nanomaterials that contain metals and metal oxides-based nanoparticles, carbon-based, composites, and dendrimers-based nanoparticles. Their use as adsorbents, photocatalysts, and membrane filters for effective and targeted removal of toxic waste has received a lot of focus at the same time. Adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane filtration methods are discussed in detail for their usage in water purification. To illustrate the potential risks involved with nanomaterials, practical applications such as waste management and environmental effects are also taken into account. Additionally, it critically evaluates the difficulties and opportunities associated with using nanomaterials in industrial wastewater purification.