Introduction to Piezoelectric Perovskites

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Perovskite (Calcium titanium oxide), which was discovered in 1839 by Perovski, a Russian mineralogist, has some favorable photophysical characteristics that enable perovskite and its nanocrystals to be used in the field of biomedical research. Presently, perovskites are being explored for various medical applications, including X-ray detection and imaging, cancer treatment, orthopedic implants and as antimicrobial agents. Advancements in nanocrystal research allowed the exploration of perovskites for their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The antibacterial activity of several perovskite nanoparticles was explored, and to mention a few, Cesium lead bromide and zinc oxide perovskite nanoparticles showed activity against Escherichia coli, while Lanthanum potassium ferrate and silver-based perovskites against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This chapter will review the potential research studies that explored the anti-microbial activity of perovskites and their nanoparticles against bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microorganisms and provide insight into the mechanisms by which these particles exert antimicrobial action. Further, this chapter will discuss the potential biomedical applications of the antimicrobial activity of perovskites.