Production of Secondary Metabolites from Endangered and Commercially Important Medicinal Plants Through Cell and Tissue Culture Technology

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Pharmaceuticals such as alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, monoterpenes, flavonoids and amino acids are now being produced using plant cell culture technologies. The standardization of plant metabolite processing technologies using in vitro cultures assists in the understanding of their biosynthesis and accumulation biology. The development of metabolites in plant cell cultures is affected by a number of factors, including physical, chemical, nutritional and genetic factors. The controlled production of plant metabolites in cell cultures is a viable alternative not only for reducing pressure on the natural habitats of plant species but also for providing year-round conditions for metabolite production. Exposure of cultured cells to biotic and abiotic elicitors increased the production of plant metabolites. Hairy root induction has recently been discovered to be effective in the production of metabolites synthesized in various parts of plants.<br>