Boron Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Boron belongs to the metalloid group and has an atomic number 11. Boron does have an important role in humans and animals; however, it is not well understood. According to developmental biology, boron is a necessary component of embryonic development and when it is deficient, it causes impaired embryos or necrosis. Different types of boron nanomaterials, such as nanoclusters, nanotubes, nanowires, nanoribbons, nanobelts, nanosheets, and monolayer crystalline sheets, have recently been created experimentally. Boron nanomaterials have a different bonding configuration than three-dimensional bulk boron crystals in icosahedral because of their reduced dimensionality. Furthermore, the wide range of boron nanoparticles available could serve as building blocks for mixing with other existing nanomaterials, atoms, molecules, and/or ions to create new materials with novel properties and functions. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a new two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial that has been employed in biomedical applications. This material exhibits semi-conductive capabilities due to its enlarged band gap, allowing it to be used as a biosensor and disparity agent. BNNs (boron nitride nanotubes) are also being investigated for use in regenerative medicine and medication delivery. Because of its bioactive properties, this particular nanomaterial (BNNs) has a lot of potential in the field of tissue engineering. The advancement of boron nanoparticles during the previous decade has been evaluated, and future directions and guidelines for biomedical applications are discussed.