Bentham Science Publishers

Electromagmetics for Engineering Students is a textbook in two parts, Part I and II, that cover all topics of electromagnetics needed for undergraduate students from vector analysis to antenna principles. In both parts of the book, the topics are presented in sufficient details such that the students will follow the analytical development easily. Each chapter is supported by many illustrative examples, solved problems, and the end of chapter problems to explain the principles of the topics and enhance the knowledge of the student. There are a total of 681 problems in the both parts of the book as follows: 162 illustrative examples, 88 solved problems, and 431 end of chapter problems.

This part is a continuation of Part I and focuses on the application of Maxwell's equations and the concepts that are covered in Part I to analyze the characteristics of wave propagation in half-space and bounded media including metamaterials. Moreover, a chapter has been devoted to the topic of antennas to provide readers with the fundamental concepts related to antenna engineering.

The key features of this part:

• In addition to the coverage of classical topics in electromagnetic normally covered in the similar available texts, this part of the book adds some advanced concepts and topics such as:

• Application of multi-pole expansion for vector potentials.

• More detailed analysis on the topic of waveguides including circular waveguides.

• Refraction through metamaterials and the concept of negative refractive index.

• Detailed and easy-to follow presentation of mathematical analyses and problems.

• An appendix of mathematical formulae and functions.

This book is unique when compared with books on non-linear circuits and systems. The book introduces novel concepts of physics, computer and electrical engineering. The synthesis of Multi-scroll chaotic oscillators is performed through three hierarchical levels of abstractions. A good repertoire of multi-scroll chaos generators is presented by dealing with 1D, 2D ad 3D oscillators which require one, two or three piece-wise linear functions, respectively. Each function is designed using operational amplifiers. Since the approach uses behavioral models, other electronic devices including novel integrated circuits can be used to design the chaos generators. This is an important part of the book since it opens new lines of research while holding a tutorial characteristic for educational purposes. The book is recommended for electronic design students and professionals.

Embedded vision systems such as smart cameras have been rapidly developed recently. Vision systems have become smaller and lighter, but their performance has improved. The algorithms in embedded vision systems have their specifications limited by frequency of CPU, memory size, and architecture. The goal of this e-book is to provide a an advanced reference work for engineers, researchers and scholars in the field of robotics, machine vision, and automation and to facilitate the exchange of their ideas, experiences and views on embedded vision system models. The effectiveness for all methods is emphasized in a practical sense for systems presented in this e-book.

The book focuses on a global problem challenging the health systems. Trypanosoma cruzi infections are transmitted by cone-nosed triatomine bugs, by blood transfusion and congenitally from mothers to their offspring. The American Trypanosomiasis affects 20 million people; among them a significant parcel (< 1/3) will develop Chagas disease in the heart and digestive tract, where the immune system effector cells destroy target host cells. Genotype modifications resulting from transfer of minicircle sequence kDNA from the parasite into the host´s genome may explain the autoimmune pathogenesis of the disease. The book discusses various aspects of this disease and should be of interest to readers who wish to keep abreast of the developments in this field.

Emerging Technologies for Digital Infrastructure Development is a comprehensive and insightful book that reviews the transformative impact of cutting-edge technologies on the digital landscape. It presents 16 topics, from e-commerce consumer behavior to AI applications in healthcare and cybersecurity, this book offers a detailed overview of the role of technology in shaping the modern world. With a focus on bridging the digital divide in education, the book presents innovative solutions to contemporary challenges. The editors also emphasize the importance of privacy and security in an interconnected world by discussing cybersecurity measures and threat detection strategies. The book serves as a valuable resource for technology professionals, researchers, and academics, offering a deep dive into the latest trends and applications in digital infrastructure. It also caters to business leaders, policy makers, and students seeking to understand the transformative potential of emerging technologies.

Key technologies highlighted in the book include machine learning and AI models, IoT, data analytics, recommendation systems and e-learning systems. Applications of these technologies are demonstrated for healthcare, e-commerce, cybersecurity, aviation and education sectors. Emerging Technologies for Digital Infrastructure Development offers insights and solutions that pave the way for a secure, efficient, and inclusive digital future.

This book explores cutting-edge methodologies, integration strategies, and secure frameworks that combine AI capabilities with IoT systems to enhance performance, decision-making, and scalability.

Covering a wide range of crucial topics, including AI-driven predictive maintenance, healthcare IoT, smart cities, industrial automation, edge computing, cybersecurity challenges, and real-time data analytics. The book brings forward domain-specific innovations and solutions, illustrating how AI techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing are advancing IoT applications.

Highlighting technical challenges, solutions, and future directions, the book offers practical guidance for researchers and practitioners working on intelligent IoT frameworks.

Key Features:

Explore real-world AI-IoT integration strategies

Analyze applications in healthcare, smart homes, and industrial IoT

Address edge and fog computing frameworks

Examine security models and threat mitigation approaches

Highlight regulatory and ethical implications

Present expert-contributed chapters with case studies

This book examines a wide range of emerging sources off water pollution. It consists of thirteen chapters dedicated to the topic, giving readers comprehensive information about the types of materials involved and the solution for their removal.

The first five chapters present an analysis of the emerging water pollutants, their toxicities, legislations available to monitor and regulate their emissions. This introduction is followed by 3 chapters that cover risk assessment of emerging pollutants, their fate and life cycle assessment. The last section of the book goes through the details of remediation technologies for wastewater treatment.

This reference is equally suitable for academia, industry professionals and students, presenting state-of-the-art learnings on emerging water pollutants and their remediation methods.

This e-book discusses methods that businesses may employ to reduce energy costs related to managing industrial buildings through environmentally sustainable methods. There are several chapters covering various aspects of energy assessments and each chapter is linked to case histories that are given in the appendix. The chapters cover energy efficient methods for managing lighting, insulation, machines, air conditioning and much more. Information needed during the assessment process is also supplemented in tables. Readers who wish to gain a better understanding of[] the many ways to reduce energy consumption can benefit from this book.

Enterprise Architecture (EA) has evolved to become a prominent presence in today’s information systems and technology landscape. The EA discipline is rich in frameworks, methodologies, and the like. However, the question of ‘value’ for business ;professionals remains largely unanswered – that is, how best can Enterprise Architecture and Enterprise Architects deliver value to the enterprise? Enterprise Architecture for Business Success answers this question.

Enterprise Architecture for Business Success is primarily intended for IT professionals working in the area of Enterprise Architecture. The eBook gives practical insights into what constitutes EA and how it might be practiced in a typical resource constrained business environment.

The contents of the eBook include a brief guideline about EA systems and terminology, followed by notes on how to design enterprise systems in line with business strategies. The eBook also presents case studies which help to demonstrate the distance between theory and reality when it comes to optimizing IT infrastructure for successfully achieving business goals.

Lengthy theoretical discussions are avoided in favor of focusing more on the practice and tools of EA. Readers will find value in this eBook, whether they are an IT consultant or a manager, an EA team lead or member, or just someone keen to learn about real-world EA.

Environmental Law in the Russian Federation presents a comprehensive textbook on the current state of environmental legislation of the Russian Federation. The textbook is divided into three sections that are ordered for an increasing level of specialization in the subject.

- The first section (General Part) gives a definition of environmental law, formulates its principles and considers the sources of environmental law and legal relations. Readers will learn about the issues related to the ownership of natural resources, the legal framework and specifics of environmental protection and management, and associated human and civil rights. The distinguishing features of economic regulation in the area of environmental protection as well as issues of responsibility for environmental offenses are also covered.

- The second section (Special Part) sets forth the main environmental requirements for certain types of economic and other human activities and the specifics of environmental protection in areas with a special environmental legal regime (specially protected areas and ecological disaster zones). Chapters in this section consider the main areas of protection of certain natural objects (water, forests, land, etc.).

- The third section (Specialized Part) clarifies the main areas of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection and considers the main characteristics of the environmental protection experience of other countries.

The textbook is an essential reference for law and business students in Russian schools. It is also of interest to entrepreneurs planning ventures in Russia and researchers involved in comparative legal analysis.

Pollution of the aquatic environment is a real threat across the globe. It is becoming a topic of intense study for researchers. It has been updated and almost completely revised. The Mediterranean Sea has been recognized as a target hotspot of the world as the pollutant concentration in this region is greater than the levels in other oceans.

The book summarizes research on marine pollutants in the Mediterranean Sea. It presents 5 concise reviews focusing on microplastics, rare earth elements and biotoxins & which are now commonly found in the region. The Editors also emphasize on pollution problems in the Mediterranean region, with 2 chapters presenting studies on Lebanon and Morocco, respectively. The book adds to the collective information on Mediterranean marine pollution. Additionally, references are included at the end of each chapter for the benefit of advanced readers. The contributions also include discussions on important techniques used to monitor and control marine pollution, such as the bio-monitoring of effluents, and ecological impact assessment of microplastic pollution on fish and the environment.

The knowledge of plant responses to various abiotic stresses is crucial to understand their underlying mechanisms as well as the methods to develop new varieties of crops, which are better suited to the environment they are grown in. Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity provides readers a timely update on the knowledge about plant responses to a variety of stresses such as salinity, temperature, drought, oxidative stress and mineral deficiencies. Chapters focus on biochemical mechanisms identified in plants crucial to adapting to specific abiotic stressors along with the methods of improving plant tolerance. The book also sheds light on plant secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids and plant growth regulators in ameliorating the stressful conditions in plants. Additional chapters present an overview of applications of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics (including CRISPR/CAS techniques) to develop abiotic stress tolerant crops. The editors have also provided detailed references for extended reading to support the information in the book.

Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity is an informative reference for scholars and researchers working in the field of botany, agriculture, crop science and physiology, soil science, and environmental sciences.

The book summarizes the role of multiple enzyme targets and strategies to design and develop novel drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insights from researchers across the globe from diverse fields are presented in a thematic volume. The chapters highlight current information scientists have unraveled about the origin, pathogenesis and prevention of AD. The contributions consider both established and emerging drug targets viz. Tau proteins, TREM, and microglia. Topics covered in the book include multi-target anti-Alzheimer's agents, epigenetic modifications, and the role of specific proteins like TMP21 and Tau in AD. A section dedicated to pharmacological treatments discusses the significance of tubulin-modifying enzymes, memantine, and glutamate antagonists. Enzymatic targets for drug discovery are thoroughly examined, focusing on cholinesterase, secretases, and other enzymes. Additionally, the book explores innovative nano-carrier-based drug delivery methods, emphasizing the crucial role of nanotechnology in effective Alzheimer's treatment. The book aims to inform students and researchers in the field of neuroscience, medicine and pharmacology about current research and biochemical nuances of AD pathogenesis and enzymatic drug targeting strategies.

Multidisciplinary research involving crystallography, kinetic studies, molecular docking, genetics and other techniques in biochemistry has yielded a wealth of knowledge about the reaction mechanisms in cellular processes. This knowledge has allowed researchers to understand, in a better way, the normal functioning of the cell process, which is used as a reference point for learning about and preventing or correcting pathologies that cause diseases.

This enzymology reference is a thorough compendium about reaction mechanisms occurring between the major enzymes related to the biosynthetic pathways of 3 important types of biological compounds – 6-carbon carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids – and their substrates, cofactors and residues. Readers will gain an understanding of the interaction between substrates or ligands with specific amino acid residues in biosynthetic enzymes. This understanding builds a foundation for learning about the biochemistry of different inhibitors used in the treatment of several diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, and metabolic syndrome alterations such as diabetes and obesity.

Enzymes covered in the book include aldolases, isomerases, kinases, mutases, synthases, dehydrogenases, reductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases among others, all of which are wide spread in biochemical transformations.

This reference, with its insights on common biochemical enzymes serves as a handy guide for students, researchers and professionals involved academia or industry related to pharmaceutical development, healthcare, food chemistry and other disciplines.

Erosion-corrosion is a generic name of degradation phenomena which occur on the chemical plant composing metallic materials under the conditions of various flowing liquids. For example, it occurs on heat transfer pipes of seawater heat exchangers (made of copper base alloys), casings of seawater pumps (made of gray cast iron) and carbon steel pipes which transport pure water of high temperature and pressure. Pipes made of carbon steel have sufficient strength and are simple and inexpensive to process. These are commonly used to transfer de-ionized water. Sudden and fatal explosion accidents have occurred in succession due to carbon steel pipes involved in high-temperature de-ionized water transport in thermal and nuclear power plants. The phenomenon was named FAC (flow accelerated corrosion) without the exact cause being clarified. It is a strongly suspected cause of the serious accident in 1986 with four victims which arose in the Surry nuclear power plant in Virginia, U.S.A.

Erosion-Corrosion is a compilation of nearly five decades of research on this theme throughout and demonstrates one true colour of this phenomenon; erosion-corrosions are not the product of the cooperation of erosion and corrosion, in which they may be generally believed, but are pure electrochemical corrosions in nature and usually occur in copper based alloys.

This e-book contains descriptions on erosion-corrosion testing methods and case studies carried out on the accidents which have occurred in the real chemical plants. Testing equipment helps us to estimate the erosion-corrosion damage in the laboratory and data of successive accidents in the field allows us to study the mechanisms behind it.

The mechanisms brought to light in this e-book are useful for predicting the site of incidence in chemical plants and the degree of the damage. In consequence, it is a useful tool for designing, material selection and maintenance of safer hydraulic machines and chemical plants, seawater pumps and piping in nuclear power plants.

This book provides a single platform for beginners in systems engineering to start Arduino interface projects with MATLAB®. It covers the basics of the programming with Arduino and Arduino interfacing with MATLAB® (with and without the use or I/O packages) in 3 sections, respectively.

Key features:

-introduces readers to Arduino IDE, Proteus simulation modeling, Arduino interfaces with display devices, sensor interfaces (both digital and analog), actuators, MATLAB® GUIs, digital read/write systems with I/O interfaces and automation systems.

-organized layout for a reader friendly experience

-provides detailed circuit diagrams

-provides relevant simulation modeling instructions

This is an ideal book for engineering students and system designers for learning the basic programming and simulation of Arduino and MATLAB® based real time project prototypes.

Essentials of Pediatric Surgery is an introductory reference on basic pediatric medicine and surgery. The book provides the reader the information on which a surgeon relies on in diagnosis and treatment.

Chapters start with the physiology of infants before progressing into separate topics about the surgery of different sections including the head and neck, chest, abdomen, reproductive organs, cancers, and the nervous system. Information is presented in a simple manner, which makes the text easy to understand for both students and medical residents.

Key Features:

- 8 chapters covering introductory topics about pediatric physiology and surgery

- Includes chapters which cover specialized domains in the subject based on different parts of the body

- Chapters include information about clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of different conditions

- Simple, structured layout for easy understanding

- References for further reading

Essentials of Pediatric Surgery is a handy textbook for both medical students studying modules on pediatric surgery and residents in training in pediatric clinics.

Evaluating the impact of Laws Regulating Illicit Drugs on Health and Society serves as an informative reference for social science researchers and policymakers on the science behind drug regulation. The book presents contributions from many leading researchers in drug law and policy evaluation. The 12 chapters highlight scientific evidence from a diverse range of international projects on evaluation of different illicit drug laws. Each contribution takes policies into account while also using methodological tools and relevant data sets. For a priori evaluation, the modern leximetric approach is applied to compare different drug laws. For posterior evaluation the analysis of social and health outcomes, using standard and new indicators are presented, discussed and applied. Next, the book covers the use of drug market estimation methods in policy research. Specific new indicators allowing the evaluation of interventions such as harm reduction and prevention are presented and analysed using international research data. The book concludes with a summary of the links of illegal drug market gains with corruption, and its consequences. Evaluating the impact of Laws Regulating Illicit Drugs on Health and Society gives readers a unique, evidence-based perspective on the relationship between drugs, laws, policy and socioeconomic conditions. Key Features 1. Features 12 contributions from international experts on drug legislation and social science 2. Demonstrates evidence-based evaluation of drug laws and policies 3. Highlights Leximetric and forecast methods applied to illicit drug laws with examples 4. Highlights the use of standard and new socioeconomic indicators to evaluate drug laws and policies 5. Informs readers about different policy approaches to drug regulation and their consequences 6. Summarizes the links of illegal drug markets with corruption 7. Provides detailed references for further reading

Unbridled urbanization and development of natural land resources has led to the degradation of our surrounding environment. The air that we breathe, the water we drink and the food we eat is at risk of being contaminated with a plethora of chemical pollutants, some of them being potentially carcinogenic. This presents a challenge to human health. This book attempts to address this challenge in two parts which represent two different approaches. The first part of the book summarizes the alarming effects of environmental contaminants. Various studies depicting the direct relationship of environmental contaminants with cancer incidence have been referenced. Scientific studies have established an inverse relation between cancer and ingestion of dietary phytoconstituents (phytochemicals) in the form of fruits, vegetables and botanical herbs. Plant products as dietary supplements can suppress contaminant toxicity by regulating the resulting reactive species and also by assisting their bodily excretion through Phase 1 and Phase 2 enzyme metabolism. The second part of the book, shifts focus to phytoconstituents which, if included in diet, can prevent the harmful effects of pollutants. The text references numerous studies showing the anti-mutagenic, anti-genotoxic and anti-carcinogenic potential of many plant products. The combination of information about contemporary issues of carcinogenic contaminants in the environment coupled with the references to relevant studies in this handbook will enlighten readers studying courses in environmental chemistry, toxicology, botany, and ecology about environmental toxins and help them understand specific dietary measures known to reduce the toxic impact. Researchers in the field of nutrition can also benefit from the information provided.

Current mainstream treatments for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are mainly conservative therapies. However, these conservative treatments are symptomatic treatments, not causal treatments. Therefore, the patients with severe symptoms have not been completely relieved.

Evidence-Based Occlusal Management for Temporomandibular Disorders is a concise e-lecture which covers the following points:

1. When do the signs or symptoms of TMD emerge?

2. Should the signs or symptoms be left untreated?

3. When should the treatment start?

4. How should the occlusal discrepancy be examined?

5. How should occlusion at the BPOP (bite plate-induced occlusal position) (muscular contact position) be equilibrated?

The e-lecture also demonstrates a positive outcome using causal treatment based on occlusal equilibration in the BPOP based on the evidence of a relationship between occlusal discrepancy and TMD. Therefore, this e-book shares insightful, evidence-based clinical data with interested readers such as dental clinicians and researchers around the world.

Exercises in Organic Synthesis Based on Synthetic Drugs presents information on topics about the synthesis of biologically active compounds which are used against a range of diseases in both humans and animals. Topics are supplemented by notes and exercises for students to stimulate inquiry and learning in the academic environment. Readers will be equipped with basic knowledge of synthetic techniques used in organic chemistry and pharmaceutical research and development.

Key Features:

- Presents information about different techniques and strategies for the synthesis of organic compounds

- Covers a broad range of biologically active compounds

- Easy to read topical presentation

- Exercises, with answers, designed for improving concepts in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry

- Wide range of bibliographic references for further reading and exercises presented,

Exercises in Organic Synthesis Based on Synthetic Drugs is an essential textbook for students in beginner level courses in organic chemistry, organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.

This eBook compiles the efforts of 20 experts in the field to review the latest advances in experimental stroke, with its strong emphasis on neurogenesis, angiogenesis and neuroprotection after cerebral ischemic stroke. It also provides current data for pharmacologic therapy, including anti-Inflammation, for stroke. Several chapters address cell death and apoptotsis after stroke as well as its replacement strategies by stem cells. Other chapters deal with the relation between stroke and neuroimmunology, BBB disruption and electrophysiological changes. Also covered is magnetic resonance imaging in ischemic brain. In a variety of preclinical models of stroke, pre-conditional and post-conditional stroke models will be discussed.

Real and complex exponential data fitting is an important activity in many different areas of science and engineering, ranging from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics to Electrical and Chemical Engineering, Vision and Robotics. The most commonly used norm in the approximation by linear combinations of exponentials is the l2 norm (sum of squares of residuals), in which case one obtains a nonlinear separable least squares problem. A number of different methods have been proposed through the years to solve these types of problems and new applications appear daily. Necessary guidance is provided so that care should be taken when applying standard or simplified methods to it. The described methods take into account the separability between the linear and nonlinear parameters, which have been quite successful. The accessibility of good, publicly available software that has been very beneficial in many different fields is also considered. This Ebook covers the main solution methods (Variable Projections, Modified Prony) and also emphasizes the applications to different fields. It is considered essential reading for researchers and students in this field.

Extremophiles: Diversity, Adaptation and Applications brings up-to-date knowledge about different types of extremophiles, the fascinating group of microorganisms that love to live in extreme environmental conditions. The book consists of fourteen chapters, of which, the first provides an overview of all the major types of extremophiles and the relationship with their respective extreme environments. The chapters following this introduction explain the diversity of prokaryotes based on environmental conditions, adaptation mechanisms, and industrial applications. The book concludes with a summary of the diverse biotechnological and industrial applications of extremophiles, emphasizing the importance of these microorganisms for human welfare. The book is intended as a primary textbook reference that enriches the knowledge base of scholars in the field of microbiology and biotechnology. It can also serve as a secondary reference for anyone who is interested in research on extremophiles. Key Features: - Covers all the major types of extremophiles, including hyperthermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, xerophiles, oligotrophs, chemolithotrophs, anaerobes and others - Provides a fundamental overview of the microbiology of extreme environments - Supplements fundamentals with information about industrial and scientific applications - Presents information in a simple structured format suitable for learners - Includes references for further reading

This ebook covers fast transform algorithms, analyses, and applications in a single volume. It is the result of the collaboration by the author with others in the world wide university community and has been accumulated over the author’s working lifetime of about 40 years. It has now culminated in a nice mix of theoretical development and practical uses of various fast transforms. Thus readers will find practical approaches not covered elsewhere for the design and development of fast transform methods.

Some of the most immediate applications, such as detection and analysis of periodicities in data, signal denoising and deblurring, signal resampling, precise differentiation and integration are covered and supported by concrete algorithms in this book. Other potential applications are supported by a tour of the theory and mathematical abstraction. The book is addressed to a broad circle of experimentalists, researchers and students that are not regularly educated in signal processing and work in various fields in experimental sciences ranging from physics a to metrology and to biomedical engineering.

This e-book details state-of-the-art drive by wire technology. Readers are made aware about the challenges ahead that need be addressed in order for this technology to gain a foothold in the automotive industry. The eBook presents a systematic analysis of these issues and points out the fundamental reasons for the limited applications of these systems to date. It also discusses how recent technological advances in fault tolerant control can address these current challenges facing drive by wire application in automobiles. Non-technological issues such as consumer perception of drive by wire systems, trade-off analysis of drive by wire system from Automotive OEMs and suppliers' perspective are also reviewed in this volume. This book will enhance current understanding of this technology amongst practicing automotive engineers and researchers alike.

Federated Learning for Internet of Vehicles: IoV Image Processing, Vision, and Intelligent Systems (Volume 3) explores how federated learning is revolutionizing the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) by enabling secure, decentralized, and scalable solutions. Combining theoretical insights with practical applications, this book addresses key challenges such as data privacy, heterogeneous information, and network latency in IoV systems.

This volume offers cutting-edge strategies to build intelligent, resilient vehicular systems, from privacy-enhanced data collection to blockchain-based payments, smart transportation systems, and vehicle number plate recognition. It highlights how federated learning drives advancements in secure data sharing, identity-based authentication, and real-time road safety improvements.

Key Features:

- In-depth exploration of federated learning applications in IoV.

- Solutions for privacy, security, and scalability challenges.

- Practical examples of blockchain integration and smart systems.

- Insights into future research directions for IoV.

The book is an exciting source of information for individuals interested in learning about and marketing sensors. The book focuses on scientific and commercial advances in Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor technology since its discovery over 30 years ago. Discussions on new FBG sensor manufacturing and processing methods are provided by leading experts in the field. Novel applications of FBG sensor technology in engineering, energy, chemical and biological sectors are also included along with a clear identification of commercial opportunities in the next decade.

The classical theory of electrodynamics is based on Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz law of force. This book begins with a detailed analysis of these equations, and proceeds to examine their far-reaching consequences. The traditional approach to electrodynamics treats the ‘microscopic’ equations of Maxwell as fundamental, with electric charge and electric current as the sole sources of the electric and magnetic fields. Subsequently, polarization and magnetization are introduced into Maxwell's equations to account for the observed behavior of material media. The augmented equations, known as Maxwell's ‘macroscopic’ equations, are considered useful for practical applications, but are also ultimately reducible to the more fundamental ‘microscopic’ equations. In contrast, this textbook treats Maxwell's ‘macroscopic’ equations as the foundation of classical electrodynamics, and treats electrical charge, electrical current, polarization, and magnetization as the basic constituents of material media. The laws that govern the distribution of electromagnetic energy and momentum in space-time are also introduced in an early chapter, then discussed in great detail in subsequent chapters.

The text presents several examples that demonstrate the solution of Maxwell's equations in diverse situations, aiming to enhance the reader’s understanding of the flow of energy and momentum as well as the distribution of force and torque throughout the matter-field systems under consideration.

This revised edition of Field, Force, Energy and Momentum in Classical Electrodynamics features revised chapters, some of which include expanded discussions of fundamental concepts or alternative derivations of important formulas. The new edition also features three additional chapters covering Maxwell’s equations in spherical coordinates (Chapter 10), the author’s recent discussion (and streamlined proof) of the Optical Theorem (Chapter 13), and the fascinating connections between electromagnetism and Einstein’s special theory of relativity (Chapter 15). A new appendix covers the SI system of units that has been used throughout the book.

The book is a useful textbook for physics majors studying classical electrodynamics. It also serves as a reference for industry professionals and academic faculty in the fields of optics and advanced electronics.

This book presents a review of the transformative impact of fintech and blockchain technologies on the financial industry. The book aims to bridge the gap between technical jargon and practical understanding, making it accessible to a wide audience. It begins by introducing fundamental concepts and tracing the evolution of these technologies. Subsequent chapters explore specific applications such as digital payments, lending, and investment management. The final sections address regulatory challenges, security concerns, and the future outlook for fintech and blockchain.

Key features of the book include a I) clear and concise explanation of complex technical concepts, making them understandable for both industry professionals and general readers, ii) real-world case studies and examples to illustrate the practical applications of fintech and blockchain, iii) insights into the regulatory environment and potential risks associated with these technologies and iv) a forward-looking perspective on the future of finance,

Readers will understand the intricacies of blockchain, including its underlying technology, smart contracts, and potential use cases in the financial sector. It also helps readers to anticipate industry trends.

This is the second volume of the book series featuring empirical research conducted on business decision making policies of oligopolistic organizations. This volume brings together 11 chapters that cover economic and mathematical models to illustrate strategic decision making among different organizations. Topics covered in this volume include, the theory of firm behavior, the Bertrand model of an incumbent and a potential industrial entrant, strategic interactions in vertically related industries, financial losses of enterprises caused by breaks of information security systems and the association of certain funding choices with efficiency in small medium enterprises. Thus the volume encompasses a fresh collection of works on firm behavior and industrial economics.

Experimental research using spermatozoa, a highly specialized cell with organelles involved in gene transfer, energy supply and cellular motility, has always occupied the forefront of studies in cell and reproductive biology. Several spermatological experiments have focused on the attraction of a spermatozoon toward the egg – sperm chemotaxis or sperm guidance. This process ubiquitously occurs in the reproductive system of many organisms. After its discovery in the late 19th century in plants, sperm chemotaxis is known to play a crucial role in fertilization success in both plants and animals. Spermatology has expanded in focus in recent years, as the structure of molecules relevant to sperm chemotaxis has been recently determined in several species of invertebrates and vertebrates, which promises remarkable progress for understanding events relevant to sexual reproduction. Reflecting upon these trends in the long history of sperm chemotaxis, Flagellar Mechanics and Sperm Guidance gathers leaders in the field of spermatology, who have presented their experimental research on the chemical cues behind flagellate behavior in a variety of organisms including bikonts and spermatozoa of marine invertebrates and vertebrates (fish, amphibians and mammals). Reviews presented in this monograph provide both basic and detailed information on the initiation and activation of sperm motility at spawning, sperm thermotaxis, and other mechanics such as mathematical models of a spermatozoon swimming. A comparison between features of sperm chemotaxis among different organisms is also given.

Flagellar Mechanics and Sperm Guidance will stir interest in spermatology research among a broad variety of readers including researchers, Ph.D. students studying reproductive biology and teachers involved in advanced biology courses.

Floods are devastating natural disasters with a significant impact on human life and the surrounding environent. Flood Risk Assessment and Management should serve as an Ideal textbook on analytical flood risk assessment and management, and is intended for lecturers, undergraduates and postgraduates in civil engineering, geography, environmental science, earth sciences, and related disciplines. This book is based on the lecture notes taught at the University of Bristol to students undertaking a Masters course in civil engineering. All chapters are supplemented with challenging questions, answers and solutions.

INTRODUCTION

This reference is a detailed guide to the world of food additives commonly used in the food processing and manufacturing industry. Edited by experts in the field, invited scholars enrich the book with relevant chapter contributions. Chapters provide readers with knowledge on a broad range of food additives (anti-browning agents, essential oils, flavour enhancers, preservatives, stabilizers, sweeteners, among others), their safe use and a summary of their effects on human health.

Key Features:

- Covers a wide range of natural and synthetic food additives

- Covers health related topics relevant to food additives

- Chapters are organized into specific, easy-to-read topics

- Provides bibliographic references for further reading

This book serves a valuable instrument for a broad spectrum of readers: researchers, health professionals, students, food science enthusiasts, and working professionals in industry and government regulatory agencies interested in the science of food additives.

This concise yet comprehensive book provides conceptual knowledge about forensic odontology in medical, dental, allied and litigation purposes.

Written by authors that are highly knowledgeable, experienced and well-established in the field, this handbook lucidly explains basic and advanced components of dental forensics, beginning with anatomical attributes of the tooth, age assessment, dental anomalies and moving ahead to DNA fingerprinting from dental pulp, disaster victim identification from dentures, bite marks and oral autobiography which is a pragmatic approach in identification.

Key features:

- Gives an insight into basic and advanced aspects necessary to become an expert practitioner in forensic dentistry with a focus on how to provide apt evidence and explanations

- Brings out remedial measures for challenges in disaster victim identification which can prove to be very helpful in crisis management

- Provides references for further reading

This book is intended as a handbook for readers who require a basic exposure to forensic dentistry. It will benefit learners and working professionals in forensic medicine, clinical settings, legal review, litigation, disaster management and allied roles involved in the criminal justice system.

This book presents research focused on the design of fractal antennas using bio-inspired computing techniques. The authors present designs for fractal antennas having desirable features like size reduction characteristics, enhanced gain, and improved bandwidths. The research is summarized in six chapters which highlight the important issues related to fractal antenna design and the mentioned computing techniques. Chapters demonstrate several applied concepts and techniques used in the process such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Genetic Algorithms (GAs), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO). The work aims to provide cost-effective and efficient solutions to the demand for compact antennas due to the increasing demand for reduced sizes of components in modern wireless communication devices.

A key feature of the book includes an extensive literature survey to understand the concept of fractal antennas, their features, and design approaches. Another key feature is the systematic approach to antenna design. The book explains how the IE3D software is used to simulate various fractal antennas, and how the results can be used to select a design. This is followed by ANN model development and testing for optimization, and an exploration of ANN ensemble models for the design of fractal antennas.

The bio-inspired computing techniques based on GA, PSO, and BFO are developed to find the optimal design of the proposed fractal antennas for the desired applications. The performance comparison of the given computing techniques is also explained to demonstrate how to select the best algorithm for a given bio-inspired design. Finally, the book explains how to evaluate antenna designs.

This book is a valuable resource for students (from UG to PG levels) and research scholars undertaking learning modules or projects on microstrip and patch antenna design in communications or electronics engineering courses.

This reference explores the science of signaling mechanisms associated with diseases like endocrine, metabolic, and immune disorders which are linked to oxidative stress-mediated disease mechanisms. The common diseases in these categories include diabetes mellitus and arthritis and conditions defined by inflammation and autoimmunity. These diseases involve metabolic pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species or free radicals. The pathways are targets in the mechanism of drugs that aim to treat related disorders. The book covers key topics in free radical biology that help to understand the nature of the pathways and the pharmacology of the drugs that are designed to target them.

5 chapters elucidate the free radical biology of the diseases.

1. Role of free radical biology in diabetes mellitus

2. Role of GSK3 in the regulation of insulin release and glucose metabolism

3. Regulatory role of NRF2 in rheumatoid arthritis

4. Role of free radical biology in Alzheimer's disease

5. Regulatory role of immune cells mediated antibody on rheumatoid arthritis Key features:

- Elucidates the key biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms that are mediated by free radicals in common endocrine, metabolic and immune diseases

- Explains the activation of immunological factors (like RF and ACPA) that trigger inflammation and arthritis

- Covers the role of free radicals in Alzheimer's disease and new interventions that target mitochondrial mechanisms

- Systematically explains the molecular biology of free radicals with the help of schematic diagrams

- Includes references for further reading The accessible and structured text in this reference makes it a suitable resource for all biomedical scientists, faculty, and postgraduate students in academia and industry.

Positioned at the crossroads of genomics, proteomics, artificial intelligence, and biomedical engineering, this book provides a roadmap for leveraging computational intelligence to address the complex challenges of modern life sciences, healthcare, and industrial biotechnology.

Across twelve comprehensive chapters, the book lays the foundations for sequencing technologies, omics data, and the principles of biotechnology data management. It then transitions into the application of machine learning models ranging from neural networks to optimization frameworks to extract meaningful insights from large-scale biological datasets. Subsequently it addresses pressing challenges such as data noise, scalability, and ethical AI, while also highlighting algorithmic breakthroughs in pharmacogenomics, drug discovery, precision medicine, and synthetic biology. Case studies illustrate real-world applications, from CRISPR diagnostics and clinical trial optimization to agricultural genomics and biomedical engineering innovations. The closing chapters project the future trajectory of biotechnology, exploring quantum computing, federated learning, and secure data-sharing techniques.

Key Features:

Uncovers the revolutionary role of computational algorithms in biotechnology research and healthcare

Explores the integration of AI, ML, and optimization methods in genomics, proteomics, and systems biology

Analyzes real-world applications through case studies in pharmacogenomics, CRISPR, and agritech

Provides practical insights into implementing secure, scalable, and ethical data solutions

Gives an understanding future trends such as quantum computing and federated learning in biotech innovation.

Some arrangements and structures of permanent magnets are hypothesized to exert measurable physiological and pathological effects on living tissues when exposed to the resultant electromagnetic field. From Microbe to Man: Biological responses to artificial static magnetic field-exposure explores the effects of such arrangements based on this hypothesis.

The book begins with an explanation of the mechanisms of artificial static magnetic fields (SMFs). This is followed by sequential sections presenting the effects of SMF exposure on living organisms backed by thorough experimental studies (on microbial, animal and human trials). In conclusion, the work reveals the positive nature of SMF treatment and shows that this is indeed a viable alternative to invasive treatment in the case of a number of both acute and chronic conditions, such as stomatological pain and osteoporosis.

From Microbe to Man: Biological responses to artificial static magnetic field-exposure is aimed chiefly at medical professionals and the research community studying alternatives to conventional pain medicine and physiotherapy. However, laypeople interested in non-invasive medical treatment options can also benefit from the easy-to-read layout of the contents of this volume.

Dramatic developments in developing semiconductor device technology and nanotechnologies over the last decades has placed increasing demands on the fabrication and design of new electronic devices, It is now necessary to implement nanoscale gate geometries to achieve the highest performance standards in new devices. The need to understand and model the operation of nano-devices is, therefore, fundamental to future development and optimal design.

From Semiclassical Semiconductors to Novel Spintronic Devices explains research related to new spintronic devices. This E-book: reports unique results on fabrication and the quite uncommon performance of Si-based solar cells with novel contacts chemically deposited on traditionally prepared semiconductor parts of the solar cell, details the mechanism behind efficient solar radiation conversion and the thermodynamics involved in theory and practice, discusses photonic condensate and relic radiation - exotic topics for theoretical astrophysics which also present possible power tools for achieving highly efficient energy conversion.

This e-book is a useful review on the latest achievements in spintronic technology, characterization methods and nanoscaled active elements modeling for novel device design and applications The text within this e-book serves as a handy resource for graduate and PhD students as well as for professionals interested in the field of semiconductor device technology and modeling as well as spintronics.

"Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery" is an eBook series devoted to publishing the latest and the most important advances in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. Eminent scientists write contributions on all areas of rational drug design and drug discovery including medicinal chemistry, in-silico drug design, combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, drug targets, recent important patents, and structure-activity relationships. The eBook series should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical scientists involved in research in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. Each volume is devoted to the major advances in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. The eBook series is essential reading to all scientists involved in drug design and discovery who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery is a book series devoted to publishing the latest advances in anti-cancer drug design and discovery. In each volume, eminent scientists contribute reviews relevant to all areas of rational drug design and drug discovery including medicinal chemistry, in-silico drug design, combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, drug targets, recent important patents, and structure-activity relationships. The book series should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical scientists involved in research in anti-cancer drug design and discovery. The book series is essential reading to all scientists involved in drug design and discovery who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

The eleventh volume of the series focuses on reviews on targeted therapies and drug delivery systems. This volume covers the following topics:

- PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Targeted Therapies

>- Polymeric Nanomedicines in Treatment of Breast Cancer: Review of Contemporary Research

>- Treatment of Lung Cancer in the New Era

>- Oral Administration of Cancer Chemotherapeutics Exploiting Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Recent Progress and Application

>- Targeting Approaches for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer

Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery is an Ebook series devoted to publishing the latest and the most important advances in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. Eminent scientists write contributions on all areas of rational drug design and drug discovery including medicinal chemistry, in-silico drug design, combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, drug targets, recent important patents, and structure-activity relationships. The Ebook series should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical scientists involved in research in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. Each volume is devoted to the major advances in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. The Ebook series is essential reading to all scientists involved in drug design and discovery who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery is an Ebook series devoted to publishing the latest and the most important advances in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. Eminent scientists write contributions on all areas of rational drug design and drug discovery, including medicinal chemistry, in-silico drug design, combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, drug targets, recent important patents, and structure-activity relationships. The Ebook series should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical scientists involved in research in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. Each volume is devoted to the major advances in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. The Ebook series is essential reading for all scientists involved in drug design and discovery who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery is an eBook series devoted to publishing the latest and the most important advances in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. Eminent scientists write contributions on all areas of rational drug design and drug discovery including medicinal chemistry, in-silico drug design, combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, drug targets, recent important patents, and structure-activity relationships. The eBook series should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical scientists involved in research in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. Each volume is devoted to the major advances in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. The eBook series is essential reading to all scientists involved in drug design and discovery who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

The sixth volume of the series features chapters on several topics including:

- Monocarboxylate transporters as anti-cancer drug targets

- Interferon α-2b treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma

- Anthracyclines in cancer therapy

- Magnetosomes and tumor therapy

…and more.

Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery is a book series devoted to publishing the latest and the most important advances in anti-cancer drug design and discovery. Eminent scientists write contributions on all areas of rational drug design and drug discovery including medicinal chemistry, in-silico drug design, combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, drug targets, recent important patents, and structure-activity relationships. The book series should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical scientists involved in research in anti-cancer drug design and discovery. Each volume is devoted to the major advances in anti-cancer drug design and discovery. The book series is essential reading to all scientists involved in drug design and discovery who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

The eighth volume of the series features chapters covering the following topics:

- T cells in gastrointestinal cancers

- The pharmacology of adjudin – a male contraceptive with anti-cancer properties

- Manipulating the tumor microenvironment

- Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

- Gold-based compounds as potential anti-cancer drug candidates

- Oral nanostructure drug delivery for anti-cancer treatment

Anti-infective agents are a distinct class of pharmacologically important molecules that has served mankind in different capacities to combat life-threating pathologic conditions. They include antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antituberculosis, antimalarial and urinary anti-infective agents. However, evolutionary changes, adaptations and development of pathogenic microorganisms strains the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs thus limiting their clinical utility over the years.

Frontiers in Anti-Infective Agents Volume 5 is a collection of notable research efforts, successful anti-infective drug development programmes and a comprehensive overview of the successes and failures of recent clinical trials in this domain. The volume covers interesting topics: 1) the treatment of acute wounds with the vikut® formula, 2) anti-infective treatment of ocular diseases and 3) sars-cov vaccine development and antimicrobial therapy for SARS symptoms. A chapter summarizing recent anti-infective approaches rounds up the contents of this volume.

This volume is a timely reference for postgraduate scholars and researchers seeking updates in specific areas of anti-infective drug development. Allied healthcare professionals (clinical and public healthcare professionals) can also benefit from the information presented within.

Frontiers in Anti-Infective Drug Discovery is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and post-graduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in this field.

The tenth volume of this series features 4 reviews on the following topics:

-Pharmacotherapy of Posterior Segment Ocular Infections

-Discovery and Development of Antimalarial Drug-Resistance Reversal Agents

-Omics Technologies and Anti-Infective Drug Discovery

-Possible Cutaneous Adverse Effects of Anti-Infective Vaccinations