Bentham Science Publishers

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which small nucleotide sequences destroy specific mRNA molecules and, therefore, interrupt genetic expression. RNAi has rapidly developed into a widely used technique in biotechnology, experimental biology, genomics and medicine. Frontiers in RNAi is a collection of research articles covering the applications of RNAi principles and technologies and has been compiled by members of the RNAi Global Initiative, a collection of academic and industrial groups with extensive experience in genome-wide RNAi screening. Chapters included in the first volume touch on some of the recent advances in RNAi technology (i.e., applications to 3D cell culture, drug repurposing, and bioproduction) and provide guidance on how to address the continued challenges associated with off-target effects, database structuring, and pooled shRNA screens.

Functional Bio-based Materials for Regenerative Medicine: From Bench to Bedside explores the use of bio-based materials for the regeneration of tissues and organs. The book presents an edited collection of 28 topics in 2 parts focused on the translation of these materials from laboratory research (the bench) to practical applications in clinical settings (the bedside). Chapter authors highlight the significance of bio-based materials, such as hydrogels, scaffolds, and nanoparticles, in promoting tissue regeneration and wound healing. Topics included in the book include: - the properties of bio-based materials, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to mimic the native extracellular matrix. - fabrication techniques and approaches for functional bio-based material design with desired characteristics like mechanical strength and porosity to promote cellular attachment, proliferation, and differentiation - the incorporation of bioactive molecules, such as growth factors, into bio-based materials to enhance their regenerative potential. - strategies for the controlled release of molecules to create a favorable microenvironment for tissue regeneration. - the challenges and considerations involved in scaling up the production of bio-based materials, ensuring their safety and efficacy, and obtaining regulatory approval for clinical use Part 1 covers techniques for tissue engineering, wound healing and skin engineering. It also presents reviews on techniques such as acellular synthesis and 3D bioprinting. Materials highlighted in this part include chitosan-based nanoparticles, nanocollagen-based materials and plant based composites. Functional Bio-based Materials for Regenerative Medicine: From Bench to Bedside is a valuable reference for researchers in biomedical engineering, cell biology, and regenerative medicine who want to update their knowledge on current developments in the synthesis and application of functional biomaterials.

The comprehensive information about the inverse relationship between the incidence of cancer and the consumption of natural food has impacted our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms behind cancer and its treatment. Functional Foods for Health Maintenance: Understanding their Role in Cancer Prevention is a review of pre-clinical studies unraveling the chemotherapeutic potential of phytochemicals and other food sources. The editors attempt to summarize the evidence, methods and techniques for identifying specific nutraceuticals and foods capable of interfering and reducing the risk of cancer.

The book compiles 19 edited chapters that cover the chemopreventive effects of different phytochemicals, animal and stem cell models for cancer prevention, and novel nanotechnology-based nutraceuticals. The contributors have also highlighted the techniques employed for the detection of cancer with a review on cancer biomarkers. The book is a resource for post-graduate students and researchers working in the field of nutrition, molecular biology, chemoprevention, biochemistry and pharmaceutical sciences.

Many beginners find physics to be a challenging subject to learn, and the difficulty extends to each branch of physics. It would be preferable for beginners to learn about different branches of physics as quickly as possible with a simplified understanding of the relevant mathematical relationships. After learning the position of each field in physics, it becomes easier to learn details of each field. In this book, special functions are not used to explain the solutions of equations.

Fundamentals of Analysis In Physics summarizes the analytical methods in different fields of physics The book covers several known fields of physics and is a useful text for beginners in physics, college and university students, and working professionals who may not have a background in mathematics or physics.

Key features:

- Summarizes information about different fields in physics in 150 pages

- Covers 7 different fields of physics (classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, relativistic quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics and more) in 7 separate chapters

-Contains simple explanations without the use of special functions.

This textbook bridges the gap between introductory and advanced numerical methods for engineering students. The book initially introduces readers to numerical methods before progressing to linear and nonlinear equations. Next, the book covers the topics of interpolation, curve fitting and approximation, integration, differentiation and differential equations. The book concludes with a chapter on advanced mathematical analysis which explains methods for finite difference, method of moments and finite elements.

The book introduces readers to key concepts in engineering such as error analysis, algorithms, applied mathematics with the goal of giving an understanding of how to solve engineering problems using computational methods. Each of the featured topics is explained with sufficient detail while retaining the usual introductory nuance. This blend of beginner-friendly and applied information, along with reference listings makes the textbook useful to students of undergraduate and introductory graduate courses in mathematics and engineering.

Fundamentals of Materials Engineering - A Basic Guide is a helpful textbook for readers learning the basics of materials science. This book covers important topics and fundamental concepts of materials engineering including crystal structure, imperfections, mechanical properties of materials, polymers, powder metallurgy, corrosion and composites. The authors have explained the concepts in an effective way and by using simple language for the benefit of a broad range of readers. This book is also beneficial to the students in engineering courses at B.Sc, M.Sc, and M.Tech. levels.

Fundamentals of Nuclear Physics gives elementary understanding of nuclear and particle physics. The textbook offers an overview of the subject, providing students with a basic understanding about 1) the atomic structure and the nucleus, 2) equipment such as particle detectors, particle accelerators, and nuclear reactors, 3) radioactivity, and 4) elementary particles. Each chapter provides fundamental theoretical and experimental knowledge required for students to strengthen their concepts.

Other key features of the book include:

- Structured chapters designed for easy reading and stimulating interest for learners

- Sophisticated figures

- Thoroughly solved equations

- Bibliographic references for further reading

- Updated information about different types of nuclear reactors

- Information about nuclear astrophysics Fundamentals of Nuclear Physics is suitable for introductory undergraduate courses in nuclear physics as well as more innovative courses geared towards nuclear engineering.

Artificial Intelligence is playing a vital role in implementing the smart methods for the agriculture and it will change the aspects of performing agricultural activities. The objective of this book is to inform readers about how artificial intelligence is improving agriculture by exploring its applications. The book addresses several aspects of the artificial intelligence applications in the smart agriculture including, pest control, leaf disease identification, identification of weed, field security and applications of drones in smart farming. Chapters are contributed by experts in agriculture, computer science and biotechnology.

Key Themes:

Advanced machine learning techniques for pest control and disease identification

Automated recognition and classification of plant diseases, focusing on tomatoes and pearl millet

Integration of artificial intelligence for solar-powered robots to identify weeds and damages in vegetables

Development of field prevention systems to deter wild animals in farming areas

Utilization of machine learning for weather forecasting to facilitate smart agriculture practices

Intelligent crop planning and precision farming through AI applications

Integration of artificial intelligence and drones to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in smart farming operations

Other features of the book include a list of references and simple summaries in each chapter to distil the information for readers.

The book is a reference material for courses on automation in agriculture and as a handbook for anyone interested in new advances in farming.

This reference is a comprehensive review of genome editing in bacteria. The multi-part book meticulously consolidates research findings and insights on the applications of bacteria across several industries, including food processing and pharmaceutical development. The book covers four overarching themes for readers: a historical perspective of genome editing, genome editing in probiotics, applications of genome editing in agricultural microbiology and genetic engineering in environmental microbiology. The editors have also compiled chapters that provide an in-depth analysis of gene regulation and metabolic engineering through genome editing tools for specific bacteria.

Key topics in part 2:

- Targeting pathogenic microbes for plants and animals using CRISPR-CAS

- Genome editing microbes to improve crop yield plant growth for sustainable agriculture

- Applications of genome editing for bioremediation

- Microbial genome editing for environmental bioprocessing

- Genetic engineering for methanotrophs

- Genome engineering in Cyanobacteria

- Genome editing in Streptomyces

Genome Editing in Bacteria is a definitive reference for scholars, researchers and industry professionals navigating the forefront of bacterial genomics.

Geriatric Anesthesia: A Practical Guide is a comprehensive reference on geriatric anesthesia. The book is divided into three sections. The first section covers the basics of both anatomical and physiological changes in senescence, and important polypharmacy considerations common in elderly patients. The next section covers anesthesia for cardiac and non-surgical patients. Various controversies and legal ethical issues that are particularly significant in the elderly such as advance directives, code status discussions, specific patient groups and shared decision-making prior to surgical interventions, are covered in the final section.

Key features

- 20 referenced chapters covering basic geriatric anesthesia considerations, cardiac and non-surgical patients and special topics, respectively

- Contributions and references from experienced anesthesiologists

- Emphasis on tailoring perioperative management depending on specific circumstances of patients

- Addresses novel and commonly overlooked topics related to the geriatric population

This book is a guide for both anesthesia providers and non-anesthesia medical providers, trainees and students. It equips them with necessary information to understand and devise anesthetic plans while being aware of postoperative complications and the respective treatment and management options.

Graphene-Based Nanomaterial Catalysis compiles knowledge about catalytic graphene-based nanomaterials in a single easy-to-read volume. The text serves to familiarize scholars and professionals with the methods of fabrication of both functionalized and non-functionalized graphene nanomaterials suitable for use in a variety of applications such as electrochemical sensors, oxygen and hydrogen production, fuel cells and organic transformations.

Key Features

- systematic chapters which present the topic in an accessible way that is targeted towards learners

- Accessible information about the fabrication of graphene-based catalysts

- updated knowledge about catalytic applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in electro- and organic catalysis.

- delivers information about recent trends in industry and research.

- covers sophisticated green technologies such as carbon dioxide conversion and solar powered water splitting

- references for further reading

Interested students in material science at undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels in the disciplines of chemical engineering and materials science will highly benefit from the information in this reference. The reference also gives researchers in both industry and academia an opportunity to update their knowledge of graphene-based nanomaterials useful for catalysis.

This book informs readers about recent advances in graphene carbocatalysis encapsulating the current developments in the syntheses, properties, characterizations, functionalization and catalytic applications of graphene, its derivatives and composites. It serves as a comprehensive primary reference book for chemistry and engineering students who are required to learn about graphene chemistry in detail. It also serves as an introductory reference for industry professionals and researchers who are interested in graphene research as well as its emerging applications in catalysis and beyond. Volume 1 provides an introduction to catalysis and the chemistry of graphene. This is followed by chapters that cover the chemistry of graphene compounds. Next, it covers the functionalization of graphene into catalytic materials and its role in the synthesis of nanocomposites. Finally, the book delves into the complex aspects of graphene carbocatalysis: recent advances in graphene supported palladium catalysts for coupling reactions, applications of graphene-based catalysts in multicomponent, domino reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions, and recent trends in biocatalytic properties of graphene-based composites are all discussed in detail.

This book aims to inform readers about the latest trends in environment-friendly extraction techniques in food analysis. Fourteen edited chapters cover relevant topics. These topics include a primer green food analysis and extraction, environment-friendly solvents, (such as deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, and supramolecular solvents), and different extraction techniques.

Key Features

- Includes topics for basic and advanced readers

- Covers a wide range of green solvents for food analysis

- Emphasizes modern extraction techniques (including supercritical fluid extraction, the gas expanded liquid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pulse electric field extraction)

- Provides notes on selection of solvents

- Includes references for every chapter The blend of fundamental and applied information makes this an ideal reference for food chemistry students and research scholars. It also serves as a guide for professional experts working in food analysis and sustainability roles.

The convergence of nanotechnology with agriculture has transformed farming, while also impacting medicine, biotechnology and environmental science. Plant extracts isolated using new technologies have been used to successfully create new medicines for specific diseases. This book focuses on the eco-friendly synthesis of plant extracts. It provides information about multifunctional nanoparticles, and their versatile applications, including agriculture, food safety, and environmental remediation.

The book aims to bridge the gap between nanotechnology and public perception, addressing concerns related to health and environmental impact. Themes within the book span across green synthesis techniques for noble metal nanoparticles, the crucial role of analytical methods in characterizing these 'nanomaterials' and the comprehensive examination of how nanoparticles interact with the human body. Furthermore, the intricate relationships between proteins and nanoparticles is highlighted to explain the physicochemical effects and toxicity of nanomaterials. Readers will learn about sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches for synthesizing nanoparticles, while getting a glimpse of the promising future of nanotechnology in agriculture and beyond.

Halophytic plants are a fascinating group of plants that also serve as dietary feed for livestock. Their utilization is essential for sustainable agriculture and maintaining ecological balance. This book explains the nature of halophytic plants through an in-depth presentation of their botanical and nutritional characteristics. Chapters of the book highlight different aspects of halophytes on a botanical, histological, ecological and nutritional basis when utilized as animal feed components. The issues of the histo-chemical aspects of halophytes are addressed with regard to their impact on nutrient compositions and availability to animals, while the important nutrient contents of halophytes are considered in relation to their value to animals.

Key Features:

- 10 organized chapters on halophytic plants

- Explains the relationship between botanical and nutritional characteristics of halophytes when utilized as animal feed components

- Covers information about important nutrient contents and secondary metabolites in halophytes

- Includes information on nutritional and feeding values for animals

- Includes informative diagram and tables

- Includes references for further reading

This book fills a notable gap in available literature on the subject, and will stimulate researchers to pursue the many unanswered questions in the field of biosaline agriculture. This text serves as reading material for undergraduate and graduate level courses and specializations in agriculture, animal nutrition, animal physiology, botany and plant physiology. It also serves as supplementary reading for students of taxonomy, ecology, and environmental science courses. Professional and apprentice livestock farmers will also benefit from the information presented by the book.

Handbook for Dental Chair Side Assistants is a timely and comprehensive resource designed to educate the dental chair side assistant and dental nurses about dentistry. This unique practical handbook covers the basic sciences emergencies and clinical aspects of all dental specialties. The theoretical knowledge and background about dental anatomy, dental microbiology, oral pathology, dental materials, dental radiology, dental procedures, common drugs, problems and dental instruments in dental practice is explained in simple and clear terms.

The contents have been designed to give an optimum balance between clinical skills and theoretical foundation of the subject. The book is divided into 2 parts. Part 1 covers basic sciences and includes a guide to working in dental clinics. Part 2 includes a guide to medical emergencies, and information for different dental specialty settings.

Key Features

- Lucid yet simple explanations for learners

- Covers basic and practical tips for dental assistants and nurses

- Provides information for all dental specialties

- Includes notes on advanced technology in dentistry

- Illustrative and easy to retain information with colorful clinical pictures flowcharts and tabular data

- A comprehensive summary for every chapter The book is useful reading material for undergraduate dental students and trainees.

Handbook of Laparoscopy Instruments covers the essential components of laparoscopic instruments and technology. It presents accessible information covering key topics on the subject: Ø Basic and specialized laparoscopic instruments Ø Image production Ø Pneumoperitoneum maintenance Ø Ergonomics Ø Sterilization procedures Ø Optical devices Ø Operation theatre layout and setup Ø Operative hand instruments Ø Robotic Surgery This book is an indispensable resource recommended for students and surgical residents who need an understanding of instruments and procedures in laparoscopic surgery. It is also intended to help medical professionals who want to start laparoscopy units in their clinics.

In a global environment of rapid increases in health expenditures, health policies in Australia and in many other countries are currently undergoing major reforms. To contain future cost increases, accurate tools able to identify and rank ‘best value for money’ health investments are essential.

In Australia non-communicable chronic diseases – e.g. diabetes, heart disease, cancer, arthritis and mental disorders – affect the majority of the elderly, account for 70% of health expenditures, and cause poor health, deteriorating quality of life and premature death. This book focuses on how to identify ‘best value for money’ health investments within the context of on-going and future health reforms, and on quantifying the major benefits that would flow from such investments in terms of longer and better lives. This book will be of interest to general readers, social and economic researchers, and students interested in health care in ageing populations.

Some time ago, Schiano raised the question "To B or not to B", which means "To Biopsy or not to Biopsy" the liver for the evaluation of chronic hepatopathies. For a long period, liver biopsy (LB) was considered the "gold standard" for the evaluation of liver morphology. A major disadvantage of LB is its invasiveness: the risk of post-biopsy discomfort for patients and sometimes, for serious complications; also the lack of sensitivity to detect fibrosis, due to its heterogeneity; and the inability to obtain good quality fragments, adequate for pathological examination. In these conditions, the question is whether LB can be regarded as the "gold standard" for staging and grading chronic hepatitis in daily activity.

But what alternative can we propose for the evaluation of liver fibrosis at this moment? The answer is: non-invasive methods and the ultrasound elastographic ones presented in this volume.

Transient Elastography (FibroScan, Echosens) is a recognized method in many countries. Published papers and meta-analyses showed the value of this method for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis (AUROC - 94%); for staging chronic HCV hepatitis (a cut-off value of 7.5 kPa differentiates F0–1 from F2–4 with 67% sensitivity, 87% specificity, 86% positive predictive value (PPV) and 68% negative predictive value (NPV), with a diagnostic accuracy of 76%; but also in HBV chronic infection, NASH, PBC, PBS).

Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) Elastography (Siemens S2000) is another elastographic methods with promising results (a meta-analysis showed that the mean diagnostic accuracy of ARFI expressed as AUROC was 0.88 for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (F≥2), 0.91 for the diagnosis of severe fibrosis (F≥3), and 0.93 for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. In the subgroup of patients who underwent both ARFI and TE, the diagnostic accuracy of ARFI was comparable to TE for the diagnosis of significant and severe fibrosis, with a trend to be inferior for the diagnosis of cirrhosis. The future of liver fibrosis evaluation points towards non-invasive methods, decreasing dramatically the number of liver biopsies.

Studies have been published regarding the value of Real Time Elastography, performed for the first time with Hitachi systems (EUB-8500 and EUB-900), which uses an extended combined autocorrelation method to produce a real-time elasticity image by using a freehand approach to compress the tissues with the ultrasound transducer. The relative tissues’ elasticity is calculated and displayed as a color overlay on the conventional B-mode image. HiRT-E could be a promising method for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatopathies, but new methods of color code interpretation are needed to improve the accuracy, as well as a reference acquisition methodology.

ShearWave™ Elastography, the new "kid on the block", produces an image where true local tissue elasticity is displayed in a color map in "real time". Elasticity is displayed using a color coded image superimposed on a B-mode image. Stiffer tissues are coded in red and softer tissues in blue, with an image resolution of approximately 1mm. The true elasticity is assessed based on Shear wave propagation speed into the tissue. It is a very new method and only small studies were presented at international meetings.

Thus, having the alternative of noninvasive elastographic methods for the evaluation of liver fibrosis (maybe together with serum tests such as FibroMax) and knowing the low real life yield of liver biopsy (and the risk of complications), we can safely conclude that, for daily medical activity, liver biopsy can be avoided in the vast majority of cases.

This ebook presents an interesting set of chapters on the subject and is of good value to hepatologists interested in non invasive diagnostic methods for liver diseases.

This handbook provides an introduction to COVID-19 and herbal medications that boost the human immune system against SARS-CoV-2. The topics are covered in 7 chapters starting with an introduction to the disease, followed by notes on nutraceuticals and common herbal medicines that have therapeutic potential by enhancing the patient’s immune response. Special topics such as COVID-19 risk factors and Indian traditional medicines are also included to supplement the contents. The editors have taken advantage of the vast body of knowledge accumulated since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019.

Chapters are written in simple language with structured headings to facilitate a quick understanding of the subject. References are provided for scholars interested in further readings. The book is a quick guide on immune boosting medicines for a broad audience that includes general medical practitioners, nurses, caregivers, and public healthcare workers involved in clinics working in local communities.

This volume presents an implicitly implemented large eddy simulation (ILES) by using the fifth order bandwidth-optimized WENO scheme. The chosen method is applied to make comprehensive studies on ramp flows with and without control at Mach 2.5 and Re=5760. Flow control in the form of microramp vortex generators (MVG) is applied. The results show that a MVG can distinctly reduce the separation zone at the ramp corner and lower the boundary layer shape factor under simulated conditions. A series of new findings about the MVG-ramp flow are obtained, including structures relevant to surface pressure, three-dimensional structures of the re-compression shock waves, a complete surface separation pattern, momentum deficit and a new secondary vortex system.

A new mechanism of shock-boundary layer interaction control by MVG associated with a series of vortex rings is also presented. Vortex rings strongly interact with air flow and play an important role in the separation zone reduction. Additionally, readers will learn about the governing equation, boundary condition, high quality grid generation, high order shock capturing scheme and DNS inflow condition in detail. This volume will, therefore, serve as a useful reference for aerospace researchers using LES methods to study shock boundary layer interaction and supersonic flow control.

Human-Computer Interaction and Beyond: Advances Towards Smart and Interconnected Environments is a 2-part book set which presents discoveries, innovative ideas, concepts, practical solutions, and novel applications of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, computer vision, and natural language processing. The book provides readers with information about HCI trends which are shaping the future of smart, interconnected urban and industrial environments. Contributions are authored by experts and scientists in the field of HCI and its interrelated disciplines from 8 different countries – Chile, China, Croatia, India, Iran, Malaysia, Peru, and South Korea.

The chapters of this volume present novel and state of the art research works conducted at the intersection of HCI aimed at developing trust, increasing user acceptance, augmenting user performance, and fostering human-technology partnerships. Chapters cover usability testing in digital healthcare systems, user experience testing of handicapped children and assistive technologies for visually impaired users and a gamified user experience design for learning. The volume also presents a review of twitter usability testing among Indian users, along with specific cases of arthritis diagnostic systems, meteorological draught analysis and the role of EUPS in improving GUI design to improve the user experience.

Human-Computer Interaction and Beyond: Advances Towards Smart and Interconnected Environments is an informative reference for scientists, researchers, and developers in both academia and industry who wish to learn, design, implement, and apply these emerging technologies in HCI in different sectors, with the goal of realizing futuristic technology-driven living and functional smart cities and environments.

Hydraulic Power Plants is a textbook for engineering students which explains the construction of hydraulic power plants. The book presents the theory of the working process for each part, i.e. the kinematics and molecular dynamics of liquids flowing through hydraulic machines and systems. The information is presented in a simple manner necessary for understanding their operational conditions and basic numerical relationships. The chapters explain concepts with several drawings and charts to aid the reader, along with relevant specifications, working examples and solved problems, which can be applied in designing practice and maintenance of hydroelectric power plants, pumping stations and pump installations.

Hydraulic Power Plants emphasizes the need of young engineers to acquire knowledge about efficiency in using the tools for the study and design for components of hydraulic power plants such as turbines, pumps and penstocks in a straightforward format, making it an ideal reference for introductory hydraulics and mechanical engineering courses.

Vitamins are heterogenous bioactive substances required by the human body for its healthy functioning. Vitamins are required through a diet as they are normally not produced by the body. Their deficiency may lead to the development of diseases like scurvy, rickets, pellagra, beri-beri and many others. Vitamins have also been produced synthetically and used in supplements. However, they may induce hypersensitivity reactions, ranging from an allergic contact dermatitis to, urticaria as well as life-threatening anaphylaxis.

Hypersensitivity to Vitamins summarizes knowledge from case reports, studies and investigations on hypersensitivity reactions to all types of vitamins (A, B, C, D, E and K). Chapters explain the identification, diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity reactions to vitamins.

Key Features:

- Provides a general introduction to vitamin allergies

- Covers the major vitamin types: water soluble (B and C) and fat soluble (A, D, E and K) with chapters dedicated to each type

- Provides information about identification, diagnosis and management of the specific hypersensitivity reactions in a clear and concise manner

- Includes a chapter on unusual aspects of vitamin hypersensitivity.

Hypersensitivity to Vitamins is an essential handbook for clinicians, nutritionists and pharmacists who want to quickly access information about vitamin allergies. Students of clinical immunology and pharmacology will also be able to learn about the subject.

Illustrated Pediatric Dentistry is intended to be a text book for enhancing the knowledge and understanding of paediatric dentistry amongst undergraduate and postgraduate students. This textbook is updated with the latest information on techniques employed in paediatric dentistry. Chapters in this part cover primary paediatric dentistry, its clinical aspects, preventive dentistry, and information about the latest trends prevalent in this specialty field of dentistry. The text will equip readers with the knowledge suited to the changing environment of this vital domain. The editor of this textbook has over forty-four years of teaching experience in paediatric dentistry and is able to successfully impart a broad perspective of the subject through the book's contents. This textbook is the amalgamation of the experience and knowledge of various subject experts that command a high international reputation. Part 2 covers orofacial swelling, pediatric space management, interceptive orthodontics and myofunctional therapy, gingival and periodontal diseases, oral hygiene, minimum intervention dentistry (MID), molar incisor hypoplasia (MIH), restorative dentistry, and oral examination and diagnostic aids used in pediatric dentistry. Key Features: - The 15, structured chapters present the latest trends in paediatric dentistry - The book content is illustrated with quality clinical images, - Chapters cover contemporary concepts of problems experienced when treating multiple dental disorders in young patients - Contributions from subject experts present distinct clinical expertise and a unique style of imparting important current knowledge to budding professionals - The book includes modern and current state-of-the-art techniques used in the clinic - Topic outlines throughout the book will greatly help readers to quickly locate and review the content. Contents of the book are very well structured and presented in a lucid manner, making it easy to understand.

This textbook presents the latest information and techniques in pediatric dentistry. The chapters cover primary pediatric dentistry, its clinical aspects, preventive dentistry, and information about the latest trends in the specialty. The text will equip readers with the knowledge suited to the changing environment of this vital domain. This textbook's editor has over forty-four years of teaching experience in pediatric dentistry and gives a broad perspective through the book content. This book is also an amalgamation of the knowledge brought forth by numerous subject experts of international repute. Part 4 covers specialized topics for clinical practice that professionals need to understand. The book covers drugs in pediatric dentistry, anesthesia, dental surgery, implants and lasers. Special topics like the management of special needs children and HIV/AIDs patients, new advances and genetics are also covered in this part. Key Features: - The 16, structured chapters keep the latest trends of the subject in mind - The book content is illustrated with quality clinical images - Chapters cover contemporary concepts of problems experienced when treating multiple dental disorders - The contributions exhibit distinct clinical expertise and the capability of imparting inimitable knowledge to budding professionals - The book includes state-of-the-art techniques used in the clinic Topic outlines help to quickly review and easily locate content. Also, the Contents of the book are well structured and presented in a very lucid manner, making it easy to understand for students.

This book is a comprehensive review of secondary metabolite production from plant tissue culture. The editors have compiled 12 meticulously organized chapters that provide the relevant theoretical and practical frameworks in this subject using empirical research findings. The goal of the book is to explain the rationale behind in vitro production of secondary metabolites from some important medicinal plants. Biotechnological strategies like metabolic engineering and the biosynthesis, transport and modulation of important secondary metabolites are explained along with research studies on specific plants. In addition to the benefits of secondary metabolites, the book also aims to highlight the commercial value of medicinal plants for pharmaceutical and healthcare ventures. Topics covered in this part include: 1. Elicitation Strategies and Metabolic Engineering to boost metabolite production with case studies in metabolic engineering with examples of Scaevola Taccada and Catharanthus Roseus. 2. Stress response investigation and the role of glandular trichomes as bio-cell factories 3. Plant growth regulators and rapid regeneration techniques using swift plantlets regeneration and phytochemical characterization 4. Nutraceuticals, antimicrobials, and genomic applications of in vitro cultures with an example of Hassawi rice and its genomics 5. Sustainable approaches for saving endangered medicinal plants The book caters to a wide readership. It primarily prepares graduate students, researchers, biotechnologists, giving them a grasp of the key methodologies in the secondary metabolite production. It is a secondary reference for support executives, industry professionals, and policymakers at corporate and government levels to understand the importance of plant tissue culture and maximizing its impact in the herbal industry.

This monograph presents information about the history and evolution of tuberculosis treatment, and the potential of the benzothiazole moiety for anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) activity. The book introduces the reader to basic information about benzothiazole as a drug candidate before delving into the anti-tubercular properties of derivative compounds in subsequent chapters. The contributors explain quantitative structural-activity relationships of benzothiazole with anti-TB activity along with the importance of in-silico (computer aided) techniques in the drug design process. This is followed by a chapter which details Mycobacterium tuberculosis biology, strains as well as symptoms of tuberculosis infections. The book then explains in-vitro and in-vivo methods used to evaluate drug efficacy against tuberculosis along with the synthesis and anti-TB activity of the benzothiazole derivatives (benzothiazole diamide, benzothiazole guanidinyl derivatives and benzothiazole conjugated pyrazole derivatives).

This book, therefore, is a quick reference on TB diseases, methods of in-silico and in-vitro screening of anti-TB drugs and the importance of the benzothiazole in TB treatment regimens. The book is suitable for readers, researchers and post graduate students who are interested in general tuberculosis drug design, screening and discovery, as well as the application of benzothiazole as an anti-TB drug.

Degenerative nerve diseases are age-related, progressive and cause irreversible neurological loss that may lead to death. Chronic diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease are associated with insoluble protein depositions and pose serious health challenges that may intensify in the coming decades. Current therapies only help to alleviate some of the physical or mental symptoms associated with neurodegenerative diseases, although there is currently no remedy for slow disease progression. In recent years, attempts have been made to discover a mechanism for neurodegenerative diseases and prospective treatment that may help mitigate aging effects and prevent these diseases. Natural products have been a constant source of new approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular plant alkaloids and polyphenolic compounds.

Indopathy for Neuroprotection: Recent Advances highlights herbal treatments that are preferred over conventional treatments in some regions. Book chapters focus on the effects of various medicinal plants that have shown promise in reversing pathological symptoms of neurodegenerative disease and highlight the neuroprotective role of medicinal herbal phytochemicals and their mechanism of action. The book serves as a reference for pharmacology and herbal medicine scholars as well as healthcare workers interested in information about alternative and complementary therapies for neurological disorders.

This volume is a comprehensive guide to the industrial use of polymer composites. Edited contributions demonstrate the application of these materials for different industrial sectors. The book covers the benefits, future potential, and manufacturing techniques of different types of polymers. Contributors also address challenges in using nanopolymers in these industries. Readers will find valuable insights into the current demand and supply of polymer composites and future scope for research and development in this field of polymer science. The volume presents seven chapters, each exploring a different application of polymer composites. Chapter 1 discusses the use of polymer additives for improving classical concrete and the workability and durability of polymer composite concrete. Chapter 2 explores the use of polymer nanocomposites in packaging, including smart/intelligent packaging, modified atmosphere packaging, and vacuum packaging. Chapter 3 delves into the use of polymer composites in tissue engineering, including manufacturing techniques and various applications. Chapter 4 explores energy storage applications for polymer composites, while Chapter 5 discusses their use in microbial fuel cells. Chapter 6 explores the use of carbon nanotubes in polymer composite gas sensors. Finally, Chapter 7 discusses the use of polymer composites in automotive applications. This is an ideal reference for researchers, scientists, engineers, and professionals in the fields of materials science, polymer science, engineering, and nanotechnology. The content is also suitable for graduate and postgraduate students studying industrial manufacturing.

This volume is a compilation of reviews on the industrial usage of soil microorganisms. The contents include 15 brief reviews on different soil microbe assisted industrial processes. Readers will be updated about recent applications of soil bacteria, fungi and algae in sectors such as agriculture, biotechnology, environmental management.

The reviews also cover special topics like sustainable agriculture, biodiversity, ecology, and intellectual property rights of patented strains, giving a broad perspective on industrial applications of soil microbes. The text is easy to understand for readers of all levels, with references provided for the benefit of advanced readers.

Herbal Medicine: Back to the Future compiles expert reviews on the application of herbal medicines (including Ayurveda, Chinese traditional medicines and alternative therapies) to treat different ailments. The book series demonstrates the use of sophisticated methods to understand traditional medicine, while providing readers a glimpse into the future of herbal medicine.

This volume presents reviews of plant based therapies useful for treating different infectious diseases. The reviews highlight different sources of antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal herbs. The volume concludes with a review on the therapeutic potential of herbs for treating rheumatoid arthritis. The chapters included in this volume are as follows:

- Brazilian Siparuna species as a Source of antiviral agents

- Antimicrobial and antifungal potential of Indian spices

- Role of herbal medicines in the treatment of infectious diseases

- Herbal medicine: traditional approach to treat infectious diseases

- Exploring the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants for rheumatoid arthritis

This volume is essential reading for all researchers in the field of natural product chemistry and pharmacology. Medical professionals involved in internal medicine who seek to improve their knowledge about herbal medicine and alternative therapies for tropical and other infectious diseases will also benefit from the contents of the volume.

Intelligent Diagnosis of Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases presents information about diseases of the respiratory system and the relevant diagnostic imaging techniques. The book focuses on intelligent diagnostic imaging systems.

The first section of the book deals with the physiological underpinnings of 3 major diseases that affect the respiratory system: tuberculosis, lung cancer and COVID-19. This section also explains the basic principles of artificial Intelligence that support the diagnosis of these diseases.

The next section presents applications of intelligent systems to support the imaging diagnosis of COVID-19 and lung cancer, with emphasis on digital health and telemedicine approaches.

Each chapter is organized into a readable format, and is accompanied with a detailed bibliographical information for further reading.

This book is a reference for everyone seeking to understand how artificial intelligence can provide solutions for diagnostic support systems by processing and analyzing radiological images to improve early diagnosis and, consequently, lung disease prognosis.

This volume explores a diverse range of applications for automated machine learning and predictive analytics. The content provides use cases for machine learning in different industries such as healthcare, agriculture, cybersecurity, computing and transportation.

Chapter 1 introduces an innovative device for automatically notifying and analyzing the impact of automobile accidents. Chapter 2 focuses on the detection of malaria using systematized image processing techniques. In Chapter 3, an intelligent technique based on LMEPOP and fuzzy logic for the segmentation of defocus blur is discussed. Predictive analytics is introduced in Chapter 4, providing an overview of this emerging field. Chapter 5 delves into discrete event system simulation, offering insights into its applications.

The performance analysis of different hypervisors in OS virtualization is explored in Chapter 6. Load balancing in cloud computing is the subject of investigation in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 presents a survey on a facial and fingerprint-based voting system utilizing deep learning techniques. Chapter 9 explores IoT-based automated decision-making with data analytics in agriculture. Biometric recognition through modality fusion is investigated in Chapter 10. Chapter 11 offers a new perspective on evaluating machine learning algorithms for predicting employee performance. Pre-process methods for cardiovascular diseases diagnosis using CT angiography images are discussed in Chapter 12. Chapter 13 presents the implementation of a smart wheelchair using ultrasonic sensors and LabVIEW.

Cryptography using the Internet of Things is the focus of Chapter 14. Chapter 15 explores machine learning applications for traffic sign recognition, and the book concludes with Chapter 16, which analyzes machine learning algorithms in healthcare.

The book is a resource for academics, researchers, educators and professionals in the technology sector who want to learn about current trends in intelligent technologies.

This reference is a compilation of work from different technology groups that give an insight into strategies used for technology optimization and technical R&D. Each of the 14 chapters presented in the book are contributed by engineering experts and focus on different aspects of smart technologies. The chapters cover a wide range of technical disciplines with a list of references for further reading. The compilation demonstrates methods that are useful to apprentices and researchers involved in the development of technologies in different fields: & Wireless networking & Signal processing & Control and machine engineering & SOC design & Materials science and nanotechnology & Biomedical engineering & Power electronics The contributions in this book provide interesting examples for product development such as custom nanomaterials, digital electronics, smart devices and antennas. The content also serves as a reference for designing special components used for complex systems like wireless communication systems, automated control systems and organic waste processing systems. The content is structured in a format suitable for both learners and advanced researchers, making this reference essential to engineers at all levels.

Introduction to Advanced Soft Robotics is an introductory textbook on soft body robotics. The content is designed to enable readers to better understand soft body robotics. Starting with an introduction to the subject, contents explain fundamental concepts such as perception and sensing, fabrication techniques and material design. These introductory chapters demonstrate the design concept and related design structures of soft robots from multiple perspectives, which can provide considerable design references for robotics learners and enthusiasts. Next, the book explains modeling and control for soft robotics and the applications. Key features of this book include easy-to-understand language and format, simple illustrations and a balanced overview of the subject (including a section on challenges and future prospects for soft robotics), and scientific references.

Introduction to Molecular Genomics introduces the college student to the fundamental concepts of molecular biology and genomics. The text puts an emphasis on important topics in the subject that contribute to the learner’s understanding. These topics include molecular genomics, biodiversity and molecular phenomenon behind evolution of species, modern molecular methods for enhanced genomics research, DNA modifications at the molecular level for transgenic animal species, the role of cell environment on the gene expression, to name a few. The book has been designed to suit the requirements of educational courses in molecular biology, genomics and biochemistry.

Key features

- Covers basic concepts on key topics in molecular biology and genomics

- Simple easy-to-read layout

- Includes references for further reading

- Includes a section on ethical aspects of scientific research

Introduction to Molecular Genomics is a simple primer for students in applied or advanced life science courses at undergraduate levels

SPSS is beneficial for students and researchers in psychology, sociology, psychiatry, and other behavioural sciences, as it performs a wide range of univariate and multivariate operations commonly used in these fields.

Introductory Statistical Procedures with SPSS is an easy to use textbook that presents the core concepts of statistical theory with applications in SPSS. The goal of this book is to give learners simple and clear instructions on how to use recent versions of SPSS, to perform a range of statistical studies. The book chapters explain elementary statistics (descriptive and inferential) giving a detailed understanding of the discussed topics. Each chapter focuses on a specific type of analytical procedure that can be used to understand a wide range of data sets, the majority of which are from the social and behavioural sciences.

Key Features:

- Simple and clear instructions to use SPSS (Version 21) in 10 chapters

- Introduces the reader to core descriptive statistical and probability measures - Covers inferential statistics

- Covers regression and correlation analysis

- Covers multivariate statistics

- Presents many illustrative examples and theoretical problems at the end of each chapter with real-life data

Introductory Statistical Procedures with SPSS is an essential guide for anyone who is interested in learning statistical applications of SPSS. Readers with no prior knowledge of statistics, students at all academic levels and professionals alike will benefit from the information in this text book.

This volume explores IoT architectures, their configuration, and operability in wireless sensor networks.

The topics are spread across nine structured chapters covering fundamental and applied knowledge about wireless sensor networks using IoT devices. The book starts with an introduction to the subject, giving readers a quick overview of IoT enabled networks and bio-inspired approaches towards network design. This is followed by chapters explaining optimized routing protocols for accident detection, efficiency and performance analysis. The book concludes with four chapters dedicated to security applications of wireless networks, for homes, urban areas and businesses. Overall, the volume gives a balance of theoretical and practical information for readers.

The book is intended as a resource for graduate and postgraduate students for understanding network design for home and embedded applications, specifically using single board computing devices. It also serves as a guide for networking courses and assessments.

• Big Data
• Cloud Computing
• Computer Vision
• Cybersecurity
• Data Mining
• Digital Twins
• Expert Systems
• Fuzzy logic
• Fuzzy Set Extensions
• Heuristics
• Intelligent Agents
• Internet of Things
• Logical reasoning
• Machine Learning and Deep Learning
• Metaheuristics
• Natural Language Processing (NLP)
• Reinforcement Learning
• Robotics and Autonomous Systems
• Support Vector Machines

This book provides an update on heterocyclic compounds that serve as key components of anti-cancer agents administered in pre-clinical settings. Many of the compounds highlighted in the book are being actively investigated for the bioactive properties against a range of cancer cell lines. There is potential for heterocyclic compounds to design agents that can target specific molecules to treat different types of cancers. Chapters are contributed by experts in pharmaceutical chemistry and are written to give a general overview of the topic to readers involved in all levels of research and decision-making in pharmaceutical chemistry and anti-cancer drug design.

Part 1 of the book set covers these topics:

- Heterocyclic anticancer compounds derived from natural sources with their mechanism of action

- The role of terpenoids as anticancer compounds: an insight into prevention and treatment

- Recent advances in synthesis and anticancer activity of benzothiazole hybrids as anticancer agents

- Structure-activity relationship studies of novel hybrid quinoline and quinolone derivatives as anticancer agents

- Tetrazoles: structure and activity relationship as anticancer agents

- Progress in nitrogen and oxygen-based heterocyclic compounds for their anticancer activity: an update (2017-2020)

This reference presents comprehensive information about laser surface treatments for tribological applications. Chapters of the book highlight the importance of laser technology in modifying materials to optimize the effects of friction and lubrication, by explaining a range of surface modification methods used in industries. These methods include hardening, melting, alloying, cladding and texturing. The knowledge in the book is intended to give an in-depth understanding about the role of laser technology in tribology and the manufacture of industrial materials and surfaces for special applications.

Key Features:

- 10 chapters on topics relevant to tribology and industrial applications of laser material processing

- Comprehensively covers laser surface modification of metals and alloys

- Explains a wide range of surface modification methods (hardening, melting, alloying, cladding and texturing)

- Covers material and tribological characterization of surfaces

- Presents information in a simple structured layout for easy reading, with introductory notes for learners

- Provides references for further reading

This book is an ideal reference for students and learners in courses related to engineering, manufacturing and materials science. Researchers, industrial professionals and general readers interested in laser assisted machining processes and surface modification techniques will also find the book to be an informative reference on the subject.

Lifestyle diseases and related conditions present a major healthcare challenge for children, posing a significant threat to their well-being. The Editors have compiled chapters to present a multicentric approach to the subject.

This book is an insightful reference on lifestyle diseases and its management in adolescents. It includes ten chapters with a focus on systemic disorders that are linked to lifestyle issues. Topics in this volume include gut microbiome and gastrointestinal disorders, neurological disorders, dental diseases, respiratory diseases and allergies associated with pesticides, cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and common infectious diseases.

The book highlights the risk factors and determinants of these diseases, and where an immediate intervention is needed. An updated understanding of the diseases with scientific references gives readers crucial information for setting the groundwork for long-term public health policy formulation.

This book serves as a primary resource for scholars and trainees in nursing, medical (pediatrics and endocrinology) and paramedical courses who are required to understand lifestyle diseases with a focus on adolescents. Readers and professionals in public health, life-sciences and related disciplines can also use this as a secondary reference.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the localized drug delivery system landscape. The 10 chapters provide a detailed introduction in polymers, nanostructures and nanocomposites for developing localized controlled drug delivery systems (LCDDSs) in the form of stimuli-responsive delivery systems, targeted drug delivery systems or the combination of both. A discussion on manufacturing techniques, optimization, challenges and adaptation of LCDDSs for the treatment of a wide range of diseases is also included.

This simple and informative resource conveys an understanding about designing novel drug delivery systems to students in advanced pharmacology, biotechnology, materials science and biochemistry study programs. Readers will be equipped with the knowledge of regulating drug release rates to get a desired pharmacological profile, that helps a researcher to ensure a high therapeutic effectiveness.

The detailed information about various drug delivery systems and a compilation of recent literature sources also paves the way for research scholars to construct a drug targeting framework for their research plans.

This book presents use-cases of IoT, AI and Machine Learning (ML) for healthcare delivery and medical devices. It compiles 15 topics that discuss the applications, opportunities, and future trends of machine intelligence in the medical domain. The objective of the book is to demonstrate how these technologies can be used to keep patients safe and healthy and, at the same time, to empower physicians to deliver superior care. Readers will be familiarized with core principles, algorithms, protocols, emerging trends, security problems, and the latest concepts in e-healthcare services. It also includes a quick overview of deep feed forward networks, regularization, optimization algorithms, convolutional networks, sequence modeling, practical methodology, and how they can be used to provide better solutions to healthcare related issues. The book is a timely update for basic and advanced readers in medicine, biomedical engineering, and computer science. Key topics covered in the book: o An introduction to the concept of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). o Cloud-edge based IoMT architecture and performance optimization in the context of Medical Big Data. o A comprehensive survey on different IoMT interference mitigation techniques for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). o Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Medical Things. o A review of new machine learning and AI solutions in different medical areas. o A Deep Learning based solution to optimize obstacle recognition for visually impaired patients. o A survey of the latest breakthroughs in Brain-Computer Interfaces and their applications. o Deep Learning for brain tumor detection. o Blockchain and patient data management.