Bentham Science Publishers

Intensive use of fossil-based energy sources causes significant environmental problems on a global scale. Researchers have been working for several decades to find alternative energy solutions to fossil fuels. Algae are a renewable energy source, with high potential for increasing scarce resources and reducing environmental problems caused by fossil fuel use.

Algal Biotechnology for Fuel Applications gives the reader a comprehensive picture of the industrial use of algae for generating power. This book informs readers about the existence of alternative species to the currently used algae species for biofuel production, while also explaining the methods and current concepts in sustainable biofuel production.

Key Features

- Fifteen chapters covering topics on commercial algae species and algal biofuel production.

- Covers anaerobic biotechnology and basic biofuel production from thermal liquefaction

- Covers biodiesel production and algal biofuel characterization

- Introduces the reader to applied microbial fuel cell technology and algae cultivation methods

- Provides concepts about ecological engineering

- Covers microalgae culture and biofuel production techniques

- Explains the importance of catalysts

- Explains the economic evaluation of algae fuel production technology

This reference is essential reading for students and academics involved in environmental science, biotechnology, chemical engineering and sustainability education programs. It also serves as a reference for general readers who want to understand the ins and outs of algal biofuel technology.

Medicinal chemists around the world have been inspired by nature and have successfully extracted chemicals from plants. Research on enzymatic modifications of naturally occurring compounds has played a critical role in the search for biologically active molecules to treat diseases.

This book set explores compounds of interest to researchers and clinicians. It presents a comprehensive analysis about the medicinal chemistry (drug design, structure-activity relationships, permeability data, cytotoxicity, appropriate statistical procedures, molecular modelling studies) of different compounds. Each chapter brings contributions from known scientists explaining experimental results which can be translated into clinical practice.

Volume 3 presents (1) a brief overview of botanical and pharmacological properties of alkaloids, (2) a summary of the synthesis of natural morphinans and related alkaloids, (3) caffeine-based compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, (4) piperine derivatives, (5) noscapine-based anti-cancer agents, (6) biogenic amines and amino acid derivatives as carbonic anhydrase modulators and (7) antimalarial compounds on quinoline scaffolds.

The objective of this book is to fulfil gaps in current knowledge with updated information from recent years. It serves as a guide for academic and professional researchers and clinicians.

Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent cause of dementia that slowly and progressively causes cognitive impairment and profoundly alters the daily activities of the patients. Approximately, ten percent of all persons over the age of seventy experience significant memory loss, and in more than half of the cases, the cause is Alzheimer's disease.

This reference book is an update on the most relevant pathological and clinical findings of this

neurological disorder. Chapters cover the basic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease, pathological features of the disease in the brain, Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy. Information provided in the book is focused on research in developed countries.

The book offers students of medicine and nursing as well as medical practitioners and specialists (internists, neurologists, gerontologists, and psychiatrists), the necessary information to understand the pathological and clinical aspects of the disease in depth, with the goal of improving medical outcomes in the care of their patients.

This volume is the 1st in a series of Ebooks that bridges the gap between advances in science and clinical practice in odontology. Recent advances in biology, materials science and tissue engineering are increasingly viewed as being of enormous clinical potential. Stem cell research has opened up the possibility of reconstructing teeth from the association of epithelial and mesanchymal embryonic or adult cells, as an exciting alternative to metal implants. This Ebook will examine the multifunctional nature of a group of proteins known as the amelogenins. Latest studies indicate that this protein regulates the initiation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals during the mineralization of enamel. In addition, amelogenins organize enamel rods during tooth development, and also aid in the development of cementum by directing cells that form the cementum to the root surface of the teeth. The aim of this book is to serve as a bridge between basic biology and biomaterial sciences, and to inform clinicians about the implications of recent advances within these fields for clinical practice.

This atlas covers basic as well as novel information on the retinae of various representative vertebrates including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The book consists of over 200 illustrations with brief descriptions pointing out special features of each retina displayed. The detailed information on the complexity and variety of visual cells in different animals will give interested readers an insight on the retinae of vertebrates. The book is divided into the following sections

1) the general architecture of retinae in different groups of animals

2) the types of visual cells in different vertebrates

3) the other retinal cells and synapses

4) the degenerating retina

5) general format of vertebrate retinal development. This atlas provides a sufficient framework in comparative retinal studies to inspire new research in the field of functional ophthalmology and biodiversity of visual cells. The book should be a useful reference for biologists, veterinarians, ophthalmologists, and eye researchers.

An Epidemiological Update on COVID-19 brings recent findings about the pandemic to the forefront. The reference is a compilation of eleven chapters contributed by expert scholars in epidemiology and medicine that cover topics of interest to anyone interested in COVID-19 monitoring and response measures. The topics also indicate some clinical areas of interest to COVID-19 researchers that have received attention due to the pandemic. It covers basic knowledge about respiratory conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 epidemiology. These topics are complemented with chapters detailing the symptoms and biochemical mechanisms of novel coronavirus infections intended for readers with an advanced level of understanding of life sciences and medicine. Special topics such as the immune response to Sars-CoV-2, and, recombinant drugs for COVID-19, are also covered in this book. Each chapter is organized in a reader-friendly format and includes a list of references.

The Abu Serga Church is one of the oldest known Coptic churches in Egypt, with a history of almost 1700 years. This reference work presents a comprehensive geotechnical and geophysical survey of the vicinity of the Abu Serga Church. The book details the information of the survey using classical and modern methods of geotechnical engineering while keeping contemporary issues faced by site investigators in view. Chapters provide the data of the church site while covering topics of interest to students such as seismic analysis, 3-D modeling and historical preservation principles. Advanced methods of interest to engineers such as mathematical analysis using finite element methods are also covered.

This work provides key data about the Abu Sega Church site and is of interest to scholars and engineers involved in conservation engineering of architectural heritage (or built heritage), as well as readers interested in church studies.

Biotechnology, a branch of science and a fast-growing source of developing technologies, has shown immense potential for its utility across all the dimensions of our lives. Its applications range from drugs and therapeutics, industrial, household applications, biofuels, and information technology to almost all resource-based sectors, such as manufacturing, aquaculture, agriculture, and forestry. Biotechnology offers outstanding potential to meet the growing demand for food and energy production in a sustainable way. Recognizing its economic and strategic value, countries have implemented several measures to generate a homegrown biotechnology sector and help science-based companies develop. 

This book covers some of the most important legal issues arising in relation to biotechnology. Topics covered in chapters include 1) the historical development of a legal framework sufficient to protect public safety, 2) the current biotechnology regulatory system and the rules directing the primary agencies that regulate the products of biotechnology (namely the FDA, USDA and EPA), 3) the regulation of human genome editing and its impact on health research, 4) law and emerging genome editing technologies from recombinant DNA technology to CRISPR/Cas9 editing, 5) the development of legal principles to protect property rights in the human body and allow the efficient use of human tissue, organs, DNA, and cell-lines in medical research, and 6) legal issues arising from the use of genetic engineered plants and animals. The authors have ensured that the contents are easy to understand, making this an accessible reference for a broad range of readers. 

This book, therefore, serves as a quick summary of the prominent legal and regulatory issues in the biotech industry for professionals, as well as scholars in legal study programs.

The kidneys are a vital organ present in humans and vertebrate animals. Various toxic chemicals, present in food and water adversely affect the kidneys. Plants and plant-derived compounds have been a major source for the treatment and cure of diseases since ancient times. Even today, almost 25% of the prescription drugs for renal problems are sourced from plants. An Introduction to Nephroprotective Plants gives an overview of nephrotoxicity and medicinal plants used for protecting the kidney and reducing the effect of kidney toxicity and managing renal diseases. This book is an answer to the current gaps in knowledge resources on nephroprotective plants. The reader is introduced to the basic physiology of the renal excretory system and its disorders. The introduction is followed by chapters which give information on medicinal plants used in traditional systems of medicine (both codified and noncodified). Information about plant parts used, method of use and dosage is provided along with references.

Key Features:

- Simple structured presentation in six chapters

- Includes an introduction to the urinary system and its diseases

- Includes information about codified and noncodified medicinal plants used for neuroprotection

- Covers phytochemicals extracted from medicinal plants which are screened and used in modern medicine for nephroprotection in detail.

- Covers ethnobotanical and polyherbal formulations

- References for further reading

An Introduction to Nephroprotective Plants serves as a convenient desk reference for all researchers (pharmacologists, medicinal chemists, ethnobotanists) and healthcare professionals (physicians, pharmacists, nurses and medical students) who require complete information on nephroprotective plants.

An Introduction to Plant Immunity is a comprehensive guide to plant immunology and stress response. The book covers the topic in 21 detailed chapters, starting from an introduction to the subject to the latest knowledge about plant disease resistance. The topics covered in the book include plant pathogens, plant diseases, plant immunity, passive defense mechanisms, acquired resistance, molecular genetics of plant immunology, protein function and genetic engineering. Each chapter provides a reader-friendly introduction along with clear sections detailing each topic. Additionally, detailed references for further reading are also provided. The combination of basic and advanced information on plant immunity make this book an essential textbook for students in botany and plant biology courses. Researchers interested in plant genomics and the effects of environmental and microbial interactions on plants will also benefit from this informative reference.

This book represents a novel approach for the trigonometry and an original scientific work in this field, by using the ensemble structure composed of the real analysis and the axiomatic fundaments of geometry. Throughout this e – book one presents, in a proper manner, definitions, properties, formulae and applications more specific of the subject title and its immediate connections. The book is recommended not only as a pertinent introduction for the high school students, being also very useful for the university students, mathematics teachers and anyone who is interested in the major elements regarding the essence of real mathematics.

This update on SARS-CoV-2 focuses on basic knowledge about the virus and COVID-19 treatment. Chapters present basic information about the disease and its treatment. The virology, epidemiology, etiology, and damage response framework of SARS-CoV-2 are also discussed in detail. The book also covers recent topics of interest to pharmacology scholars such as the immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV2, nanotechnology, repurposed drug treatments, COVID-19 vaccines, and phytomedicine for COVID-19 therapeutics. Readers in pharmacology, virology and medicine will find the book a simple, yet informative update on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 treatment.

All developments in mathematics and computer science facilitate development of industrial applications. This e-book approaches the subject in a profoundly interdisciplinary manner. The spectrum of subjects covered in this e-book includes mathematics, computer science, materials science and industrial applications. Specifically, the e-book elaborates on mathematical models of phase-field transitions. Nonlinear parabolic systems represent the core of this book.

Mathematically speaking, it presents methods related to existence, uniqueness and regularity of solution, fractional steps, analysis of some boundary optimal control problems governed by phase-field transition system, conceptual algorithms to compute the approximate solution and boundary control.

Sample treatment has been the focus of intensive research in the last 20 years since it still remains a bottleneck in precise analytical procedures. The low concentration of the target analytes, the large amount of potential interfering agents and the incompatibility of the sample matrix with the instrumental techniques are the main reasons for these bottlenecks. In most of these methods, sample treatment is an unavoidable step and it has a clear influence on the quality (sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy) of the final analytical results.

While the usefulness of microextraction techniques has been established, their complete acceptance in analytical laboratories (including official methods of analysis) depends on their successful automation and integration with conventional analytical instrumentation.

Analytical Microextraction Techniques presents comprehensive information about several analytical methods that are useful in the laboratory. These include: sorptive microextraction, solid and liquid phase microextraction, packed sorbent microextraction, miniaturized dispersive solid-phase extraction, thin film and nanoparticle based techniques, and membrane-based techniques.

This is a vital reference on microextraction and sample preparation techniques for applied chemistry students, analytical chemists and laboratory technicians.

Ceramics have been used as biomaterials for oral and maxillofacial applications due to their excellent bioactivity, high hardness and wear resistance. One of the key drawbacks of synthetic implants is their failure to adapt to the local tissue environment. Improvements in reliability and biocompatibility of implants and prostheses can be achieved through surface modifications including the use of biomaterial thin films and nanocoatings.

This book provides readers with information about dental implants and biomaterial fabrication for maxillofacial procedures and dental bone / tissue repair. It is an ideal reference for medical and dental students and professionals (dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, prosthodontics) who are involved in implantology and tissue engineering. It will also provide valuable insights into the application and production of bioactive materials for any researchers and apprentices in materials science and biomedical engineering.

This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview of andrographolides and their analogues, highlighting their botanical origins, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and biotechnological applications. It explores the isolation, purification, and spectroscopic characterization of andrographolides from natural sources, emphasizing their therapeutic potential in antidiabetic studies and other medicinal uses. The book also explains cultivation techniques, agronomic strategies for Andrographis species, genetic improvements, and in vivo extraction methods aimed at enhancing andrographolide yields, with a focus on commercial cultivation and export strategies.

Dedicated chapters, contributed by experts, discuss the ethnobotanical significance of Andrographis species, traditional medicinal formulations, and advanced biotechnological interventions for conservation and utilization. Recent breakthroughs in understanding andrographolides'biosynthesis, metabolism, safety aspects, and promising applications in treating diabetes, cancer, inflammation, liver diseases, and neurological disorders are also covered. Readers will gain insight into how andrographolide analogues can be developed as "lead molecules" for creating next-generation phytodrugs.

Key Features

- Provides a comprehensive account of andrographolide-producing plant sources and their phytochemical and pharmacological properties.

- Explores the role of biotechnology in enhancing andrographolide production through in vivo and in vitro methods.

- Highlights the therapeutic efficacy of andrographolides and analogues in antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory drug development.

- Discusses cutting-edge advancements in the biosynthesis and semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolides.

- Covers cultivation, agronomic techniques, and genetic improvements to optimize andrographolide production for commercial applications.

This book is a valuable resource for researchers, pharmacologists, biotechnologists, and biomedical professionals focused on natural product-based drug discovery involving andrographolide.

This book provides an updated information about major systems for anesthesia in patients with concomitant diseases. Book chapters are designed to allow anesthesia providers to refresh their knowledge, and be able to focus on the current issues in these subspecialty areas. Readers will be able to approach anesthesia cases more effectively with the information provided. The chapters are written by eminent clinicians who are also outstanding teachers in their respective anesthesia training programs.

Topics covered in this volume include: thoracic anesthesia, cardiac anesthesia, anesthesia in the ENT patient, neuroanesthesia, intensive care / ICU medicine, medical ethics, and interesting cases.

The book serves as a handbook for advanced anesthesia professionals and a textbook for medical students.

Individuals with Angelman Syndrome (AS) present many unique challenges to professionals, parents and others who are committed to maximizing individuals’ competence while ensuring them the best possible quality of life. Angelman Syndrome: Communication, Educational, and Related Considerations is a unique, exhaustive compilation of existing material related to understanding the nature of AS and how individuals’ communication and related skills can be fostered most effectively. It provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the background of Angelman Syndrome along with an in-depth exploration of communication (with a focus on augmentative and alternative communication), educational, and related issues that should be addressed when attempting to meet the needs of individuals with AS at home, school, work, and elsewhere in the community.

Key features of the book include:

• Extensive background information about medical and related factors behind AS and how they influence individuals’ learning

• A series of prologues written by the parents of individuals with AS

• Contributions from internationally recognized experts on AS, communication disorders, psychology and education

• Numerous practical, evidence-based strategies for conducting assessments and carrying out interventions among AS affected individuals

Speech-language pathologists, allied healthcare providers and educators providing support to affected individuals should benefit from the information provided in the book by being able to identify appropriate communication, behavioral and educational goals. Laypersons, particularly parents, will also find the information highly useful in advocating for best practices for their children (which is partly fostered by the series of parental prologues).

Angelman Syndrome: Communication, Educational, and Related Considerations will not only serve as a valuable reference for improving the learning experience for AS affected individuals but will also embolden both professionals and parents to maintain higher expectations for them.

This reference presents information about models utilized in experimental medicine and pharmaceutical research and development for several human diseases. Written by experts in immunology, cancer biology and pharmacology, the book provides readers with handy notes and updated data on animal models that are critical to research planning and lab execution.

The main feature of the book is a set of 12 structured chapters that focus on a specific disease such as cancer, infectious diseases, autism, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease and anemia. The contributors have gathered information on a wide range of genetic and physiological animal models that are employed in research with comparative charts that highlight their main differences. The book also includes chapters for special topics like food allergies and dentistry. Additional features of the book are an explanation of disease mechanisms that give an easy understanding, notes for idiopathic models and specific clinical conditions, and a list of references for advanced readers.

Animal Models In Experimental Medicine is essential reading for scholars, graduate students and senior researchers in life sciences and clinical medicine. It also serves as a resource for professionals involved in bench-to-bedside pharmaceutical projects.

Anthocyanins are a diverse group of phytochemicals used for the treatment and management of acute and chronic ailments. This book is a comprehensive guide to anthocyanins and their importance as pharmaceutical and nutraceutical agents. The book provides detailed information about anthocyanin sources and their application in the treatment of diseases including cancer, gastric disorders, infertility, metabolic diseases, and neurological disorders.

Key features

· Explains the importance of phytochemicals and nutraceuticals

· Provides details of anthocyanin sources and mechanisms of action

· Includes chapters dedicated to the use of anthocyanins to treat specific diseases

· Provides a summary of the market for anthocyanins as a pharmaceutical and nutraceutical product

· Includes scientific references

Following the post 9/11 distribution of anthrax spores through the U.S. mail, and the resulting deaths of five individuals - primarily due to initial misdiagnosis - there has been a renewed interest in anthrax among clinicians and intelligence agencies, particularly as a biological warfare agent. This monograph brings forth essential knowledge about anthrax. Included in this volume, are, the early history, non-natural outbreaks of anthrax, characteristics of the causative organism Bacillus anthracis and its relationship to other members of the B. cereus family. Also included are reports on extensive clinical findings, mechanisms of anthrax virulence and the genetics responsible for these virulence factors. The extensive studies over the years regarding the development of veterinary and human vaccines, and molecular studies, including conventional PCR and real-time PCR are explained in comprehensive detail, with the help of tables, figures and extensive references. This eBook serves as an advanced presentation and reference work for individuals seeking detailed information regarding anthrax and as a primary guide for individuals pursuing studies on anthrax.

The inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective mechanism of slowing down tumor growth and malignancies. The process of induction or pro-angiogenesis is highly desirable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, wound healing disorders, etc. Efforts to understand the molecular basis, both for inhibition and induction, have yielded fascinating results.

Anti-angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development provides is an excellent compilation of well-written reviews on various aspects of the anti-angiogenesis process. These reviews have been contributed by leading practitioners in drug discovery science and highlight the major developments in this exciting field in the last two recent decades. The feast of these reader-friendly reviews on topics of great scientific importance – many of which are considered significant medical breakthroughs, makes this book excellent reading both for the novice as well as for expert medicinal chemists and clinicians.

The second volume of this ebook series covers topics including:

-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma as a Model of Pathological Angiogenesis

-Discovery and Development of Antiangiogenetic Drugs in Ovarian Cancer

-Anti-Angiogenic Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases

… and more.

The inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective mechanism of slowing down tumor growth and malignancies. The process of induction or pro-angiogenesis is highly desirable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, wound healing disorders, etc. Efforts to understand the molecular basis, both for inhibition and induction, have yielded fascinating results.

Anti-angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development provides an excellent compilation of well-written reviews on various aspects of the anti-angiogenesis process. These reviews have been contributed by leading practitioners in drug discovery science and highlight the major developments in this exciting field in the last two decades. The feast of these reader-friendly reviews on topics of great scientific importance – many of which are considered significant medical breakthroughs, makes this series excellent reading both for the novice as well as for expert medicinal chemists and clinicians.

This volume brings together 5 reviews on the following topics:

- Retinal angiogenesis

- Effects of brief daily EMF therapy on tumor growths

- Evolution of the role of angiogenesis in cancer treatments over six decades

- Anti-angiogenesis drugs

- Anti-angiogenesis therapy for multiple sclerosis

- Update on the link between angiogenesis and portal hypertension