Bentham Science Publishers

Chemical Modification of Solid Surfaces by the Use of Additives brings ten comprehensive chapters covering different types of solid surface modifications by using surfactants or other chemicals. Each chapter explains different types of chemical surface modifications that are important for a large variety of applications. The uses of each type of modification is summarized to give the reader an overview of recent developments in this field of materials science.

The book also highlights the importance of surface modification for the biomedical application of polysaccharides, sensing application of carbon electrode, metal coating substrate surfaces, microelectronic, microwave applications of perovskite material and the role of nanotechnology. This book is a useful reference for chemical engineering and civil engineering students who wish to understand the surface chemistry of additive materials. Scholars undertaking courses in nanotechnology and environmental science will also benefit from the information presented by the book.

Chemistry of Bipyrazoles: Synthesis and Applications covers the synthetic pathways for all types of bipyrazoles. 5 chapters cover bipyrazole systems, N,N- and N,C-bipyrazoles, namely 1,1`-bipyrazole, 1,3`-bipyrazole, 1,4`-bipyrazole, 3,3`-bipyrazoles, 3,4`-bipyrazoles and 4,4`-bipyrazoles

The contents explain several types of reactions: 1) condensation reactions of hydrazines with tetracarbonyls, dihydroxydicarbonyl compounds or pyrazole-based difunctional compounds; 2) 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of pyrazole-based hydrazonoyl halides with activated methylene compounds; 3) metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.

The book concludes with a chapter that details the applications of bipyrazole derivatives in different industries. Information about advanced concepts used in chemical engineering such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and corrosion inhibition are highlighted.

The book contents are presented in an easy-to-understand manner suitable for readers in organic chemistry at senior levels of education and industry expertise. Each chapter is supplemented with detailed references.

Low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia and the Americas have been particularly injured by a group of tropical infections denominated neglected diseases. Compared to important illnesses, neglected diseases do not enjoy significant research funding and are not considerably important targets for the “Big Pharma” ventures in terms of development of new drugs, though these infections can make widespread diseases like AIDS more deadly. Despite affecting millions of people around the world, causing many deaths and having a significant limiting influence on the quality of life of affected people, the selection of new molecular targets and the development of more efficient drugs against those diseases is scarce. Furthermore, little detailed computational work on this subject has appeared. It should be kept in mind, however, that computers are an essential tool in modern medicinal chemistry. Currently, these powerful computational tools allow one to obtain insights on the interaction between enzyme-substrate, reaction mechanisms, statistical behavior of molecules and much more, at the molecular level, contributing significantly to solve problems in biological systems. Chemoinformatics: Directions Toward Combating Neglected Diseases explores an open problem in academic literature with a stimulating discussion on the state of the art knowledge in this important research field with respect to neglected diseases, pointing out perspectives on using molecular modeling and theoretical approaches. This eBook is a handy reference guide for anyone who is interested in or deals with medicinal chemistry focused on neglected diseases, from students to advanced researchers.

This volume presents 10 reviews contributed by eminent researchers around the world on chitosan based materials. The introductory chapters present information on general characteristics of chitosan and various types of materials which are based on it such as nanofibers, nanoparticles, nanocapsules and other chemically modified chitosans. This is followed by an explanation of chitosan characterization and extraction techniques. Concluding chapters describe the applications of chitosan products in water treatment, drug delivery, edible films and pervaporation membranes. Readers will therefore gain an understanding about chitosan and materials derived from this polymer and their practical applications. The volume serves as a simple reference for chemical engineering students and professionals interested in the basic and applied chemistry of chitosan and chitosan-derived products.

This textbook primarily explains the construction of classical fluid model to readers in a holistic manner and the way it is constructed. Secondly, the book also demonstrates some possible modifications of the initial model which either make the model applicable in some special cases (viscous or turbulent fluids) or simplify it in accordance with peculiarity of a particular problem (hydrostatics, two-dimensional flows, boundary layers, etc.).

The book explains theoretical concepts in two parts. The first part is dedicated to the derivation of the classical model of the perfect fluid. The second part of the book covers important modifications to the fluid model which account for calculations of momentum, force and the laws of energy conservation. Concepts in this section include the redefinition of the stress tensor in cases of viscous or turbulent flows and laminar and turbulent boundary layers.

The text is supplemented by appropriate exercises and problems which may be used in practical classes. These additions serve to teach students how to work with complex systems governed by differential equations.

Classical Fluid Mechanics is an ideal textbook for students undertaking semester courses on fluid physics and mechanics in undergraduate degree programs.

This textbook primarily explains the construction of classical fluid model to readers in a holistic manner and the way it is constructed. Secondly, the book also demonstrates some possible modifications of the initial model which either make the model applicable in some special cases (viscous or turbulent fluids) or simplify it in accordance with peculiarity of a particular problem (hydrostatics, two-dimensional flows, boundary layers, etc.).

The book explains theoretical concepts in two parts. The first part is dedicated to the derivation of the classical model of the perfect fluid. The second part of the book covers important modifications to the fluid model which account for calculations of momentum, force and the laws of energy conservation. Concepts in this section include the redefinition of the stress tensor in cases of viscous or turbulent flows and laminar and turbulent boundary layers.

The text is supplemented by appropriate exercises and problems which may be used in practical classes. These additions serve to teach students how to work with complex systems governed by differential equations.

Classical Fluid Mechanics is an ideal textbook for students undertaking semester courses on fluid physics and mechanics in undergraduate degree programs.

Schizoaffective disorder is a psychotic disease with schizophrenic and affective i.e. depressive and/or manic symptoms. The disease can result in different patient outcomes depending upon the treatment applied. Patients suffering from the disease have in increased vulnerability towards stress and need an appropriate prophylactic medication so that they can perform social and maybe professional activities. Classical Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides involved in Schizoaffective Disorder is a brief monograph that gives readers an overview of frequent psychotic diseases affecting patients. The contents of the monograph include details about biochemical alterations of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in specific regions of the human brain, the susceptible genes and cellular mechanisms behind schizoaffective disorder, the neural networks of schizoaffective disorder and prophylactic pharmacotherapies administered to patients. Three case reports which demonstrate the alterations of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the brain are also presented. This monograph is a useful guide for medical residents and clinicians in training who wish to understand the basics about treating patients suffering from schizoaffective disorder.

Ischemic cardiomyopathy is considered as the main cause of heart failure in industrialized countries. The condition can occur at any age, but its prevalence increases with age. In general, careful evaluation of the patient's history and physical examination can provide useful information about the underlying causes. Several biomarkers and laboratory variables are very important parameters for physicians during the clinical decision making. Echocardiography along with other imaging and heart failure management techniques can provide key information to clinicians about these parameters. This information can be used to provide adequate medical interventions and improve patient health while reducing the risk of sudden death due to cardiac arrest.

This volume of Frontiers in Heart Failure brings forth information about several topics related to assessing the risk of heart failure and treating patients who may be at high risk. Chapters in this volume cover topics such as ischemia, echocardiography, pharmacotherapy, interventional techniques and device therapies. Novel therapies, such as gene and cell strategies are also covered in this volume.

Nuclear cardiology is critical for the medical evaluation of patients with heart disease. Clinical Nuclear Cardiology: Practical Applications and Future Directions is the second volume of this series. The volume provides information about the clinical application of imaging techniques (such as SPECT and PET) in clinical practice with the goal of guiding health care professionals to make informed decisions for identifying cardiac risk in patients with heart disease.

The information in the book covers four broad aspects of nuclear cardiology:

- Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy

- Fatty Acid Imaging

- Neurotransmission imaging

- Molecular Imaging and Preventive Medicine

Readers will be equipped with information necessary for understanding the diagnosis and management of a variety of cardiomyopathies through various imaging technologies. This volume is a comprehensive reference for cardiologists and medical imaging technicians involved in clinical settings as well as medical students who require an understanding of the cardiovascular aspects of nuclear medicine.

Governments all over Northern Europe have placed public innovation high on the political agenda and pursuing public innovation through multi-actor collaboration such as public-private partnerships and governance networks appears to have particular potential.

Collaborative Governance and Public Innovation in Northern Europe draws up the emergent field of collaborative public innovation research and presents a series of cutting-edge case studies on collaborative forms of governance and public innovation in Northern Europe. The edited volume offers scholarly reflections, empirical testimonies and learning perspectives on recent transformations of governance and the way in which new public policies, services and procedures are formulated, realized and diffused. Through the empirical case studies, the book discusses some of the wider political and social drivers, barriers, promises and pitfalls of collaborative public innovation initiatives in some European nations.

Collaborative Governance and Public Innovation in Northern Europe will stimulate debates among scholars and decision-makers on how new forms of collaborative governance might enhance the capacity for public innovation and help in developing solutions to some of the most acute and wicked governance problems of our time.