Bentham Science Publishers

Semiconductor nanowires exhibit novel electronic and optical properties due to their unique one-dimensional structure and quantum confinement effects. In particular, III-V semiconductor nanowires have been of great scientific and technological interest for next generation optoelectronic devices including transistors, light emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and solar cells. Advances in III-V Semiconductor Nanowires and Nanodevices is an account of recent progress in the synthesis, characterization, physical properties, device fabrication, and applications of binary compound and ternary alloy III-V semiconductor nanowires. Each chapter is prepared by renowned experts in the field, describing the current state of knowledge and key areas of research. The book is written at the expert level, but also serves as a guide for researchers or graduate students aiming to enter semiconductor research.

This reference provides comprehensive insights on the harm inflicted by pests and diseases on leguminous crops. Internationally acclaimed authors provide succinct reviews on breeding and impact of biotic stress factors such as insect pests, microbial pathogens, spiders, and vertebrate pests in legumes like soybean, cowpea, and common bean. The book also contains detailed technical analysis of methods such as the PCR-based detection, next generation sequencing / marker-assisted selections, low cost lethal-non-lethal vertebrate pest control and mechanisms of climate/nutrient induced resistance. The unique feature of this book is its focus on the optimization and development of environmentally friendly methods for pest and disease control in leguminous crops. Other features include structured sections for easy reading and a list of references for advanced readers.

Key themes:

Biotic Stress and Plant Resistance

Biotic Stress in Legumes (Cowpea and Soybean)

Diagnostic and Control Methods for Microbial Plant Pathogens

Viral Diseases of Legumes and Management:

Vertebrate Pests in Legumes and Economic Implications

Spiders in Legume Agroecosystems

Climate-Driven Factors and Insect Pests of Legumes

Sustainable Crop Nutrition for Biotic Stress Alleviation in Legumes

Physiological Responses in Legumes to Combined Stress Factors

This reference presents a collection of studies which highlight new developments in improving manufacturing processes and performance. The book includes 11 chapters which cover unique topics of interest to production engineers. These topics include the production of advanced composite materials and alloys to the use of sensors to evaluate production processes, product testing and evaluation (in production and storage environments), and the development and testing of an unmanned aerial vehicle.

Chapters have been contributed by several scholars, who give a unique perspective on specific aspects of manufacturing and industrial production. The book also covers recent technologies such as additive manufacturing. Each chapter presents the study in an experimental manner highlighting the theory, methods, and results, where applicable. References for further reading are also provided.

This book is intended to provide researchers and engineers with new data and cases for industrial manufacturing processes which may be applied in different industrial sectors.

"Advances in Mathematical Chemistry and Applications, Volume 1 (revised edition)" highlights the emerging discipline of mathematical chemistry, or, more precisely, discrete mathematical chemistry.

This volume is written by internationally renowned experts in the field. It comprises of a wise integration of mathematical and chemical concepts and covers numerous applications in the field of drug discovery, bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, computational biology and ecological health.

The contents of this book include chapters on mathematical structural descriptors of molecules and biomolecules, topological representation of molecular structure, connectivity matrices, use of weighted 2D Fingerprints in similarity-based virtual screening and much more.

This ebook is a valuable resource for MSc and PhD students, academic personnel and researchers seeking updated and critically important information on the fundamental concepts of mathematical chemistry and their applications.

Meat and meat-based products play an important role as foods in the diets of people around the world. However, environmental and social issues have posed a challenge to meat production processing plants, with the advent of more consumer conscious production values across the food processing industry and a changing attitude among some communities towards the consumption of products from animal origin.

The development of meat science and technology has brought solutions that allow the consumption of meat in a greater proportion from the source. Traditional processes such as salting, smoking, and fermentation have been refined, and, more recently, processes such as emulsification, marinating, and tenderizing of meat, have further diversified meat products. Meat processing technology is also required to meet consumer expectations and demands for nutritious and safe food. Consumer requirements have pushed for need for adaptation and modernization of slaughterhouses, as well as the use of more suitable processing technologies for saving water, energy, and reducing waste production, all while trying to provide a high level of nutritional, sensory, and food-safety for consumers.

Advances in Meat Processing Technologies aims to inform students, researchers, lecturers and others who are interested in the subject, about new meat and meat-based product processing technologies. The handbook covers a variety of meat processing technologies including dry fermentation, meat emulsification, curing, marinating, restructuring and processing of non-emulsified meat and meat analogues. Additional chapters cover the use of additives and ultrasound technology in meat processing as well as different strategies suitable for meat processing operations. The simple, topical presentation of the book, which covers a wide variety of products makes the book a key reference for informing students, researchers, lecturers, professionals and general readers who are interested in the subject of meat processing technology.

Multiphase flow and heat transfer have found a wide range of applications in several engineering and science fields such as mechanical engineering, chemical and petrochemical engineering, nuclear engineering, energy engineering, material engineering, ocean engineering, mineral engineering, electronics and micro-electronics engineering, information technology, space technology, micro- and nano-technologies, biomedical and life sciences. This E-book series presents state-of-the-art review and research topics in all aspects of multiphase flow and heat transfer, which are contributed by renowned scientists and researchers. The topics include multiphase transport phenomena including gas-liquid, liquid-solid, gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid flows, phase change processes, nuclear thermal hydraulics, fluidization, mass transfer, bubble and drop dynamics, particle flow interactions, cavitation phenomena, numerical methods, experimental techniques, multiphase flow equipment, combustion processes, environmental protection and pollution control, phase change materials and their applications, macro-scale and micro-scale transport phenomena, nano-fluidics, micro-gravity multiphase flow and heat transfer, energy engineering, renewable energy, electronic chips cooling, data center cooling, fuel cells, multiphase flow and heat transfer in biomedical engineering and science. The E-book series presents recent advances in both conventional research and interdisciplinary research. This E-book series should prove to be invaluable for scientists and researchers interested in multiphase flows.

Multiphase flow and heat transfer have found a wide range of applications in several engineering and science fields such as mechanical engineering, chemical and petrochemical engineering, nuclear engineering, energy engineering, material engineering, ocean engineering, mineral engineering, electronics and micro-electronics engineering, information technology, space technology, micro- and nano-technologies, biomedical and life sciences. This E-book series presents state-of-the-art review and research topics in all aspects of multiphase flow and heat transfer, which are contributed by renowned scientists and researchers. The topics include multiphase transport phenomena including gas-liquid, liquid-solid, gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid flows, phase change processes, nuclear thermal hydraulics, fluidization, mass transfer, bubble and drop dynamics, particle flow interactions, cavitation phenomena, numerical methods, experimental techniques, multiphase flow equipment, combustion processes, environmental protection and pollution control, phase change materials and their applications, macro-scale and micro-scale transport phenomena, nano-fluidics, micro-gravity multiphase flow and heat transfer, energy engineering, renewable energy, electronic chips cooling, data center cooling, fuel cells, multiphase flow and heat transfer in biomedical engineering and science. The E-book series presents recent advances in both conventional research and interdisciplinary research. This E-book series should prove to be invaluable for scientists and researchers interested in multiphase flows.

In the modern era of manufacturing, unconventional machining methods are quite popular due to various advantages such as high accuracy, excellent surface finish, less tool wear, much quieter operations, among others. Moreover, new age and novel materials are sometimes hard to machine with traditional machining processes due to their high strength and brittleness.

Advances in Nonconventional Machining Processes covers recent development in such methods. Chapters have been contributed by many authors and provide detailed information about machining processes (ultrasonic machining, thermally enhanced machining and electronic discharge machining, to name a few). Additional chapters that provide information about novel materials and their fabrication as well as innovations in machining methods (including the use of machine learning techniques) which have long been established on an industrial scale are also included in the book.

Advances in Nonconventional Machining Processes is a reference work suitable for apprentices and academic scholars studying manufacturing. Industry professionals who wish to know about cutting-edge developments in machining techniques will also find this a useful handbook for their library.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents the following reviews: o Recent Progress on Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Flavanones, Chromanones, and Chromenes o Supramolecular Chemistry of Modified Amino Acids and Short Peptides o The Use of Nanocatalysts in the Synthesis of Heterocycles: A Contemporary Approach o Synthesis and Applications of 1,2,3-Triazoles o Ring C-H Functionalization of Aromatic N-Oxides

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

This volume presents the following chapters:

-"On Water" And "In Water" Strategies for Heterocyclic Transformations

- Ionic Liquid Based Polyoxometalates as Functionalized Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Catalytic Organic Reactions

- Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Bio-Applications of some Oxygen and Sulphur Containing Seven Membered Heterocyclic Compounds

- Application of Nitriles on the Synthesis of 5-Membered Azaheterocycles: An Update from 2014 To 2020

- The Role of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts in Organic Synthesis

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Contents of this volume include these 7 reviews:

- Recent advances in copper-catalyzed heterocyclic syntheses

- Application of modern green chemistry methods in the synthesis of quinolines, quinazolines and quinazolinones - Electroluminescence polymers-a review on synthesis by organic compounds - Multicomponent approach for the synthesis of xanthenes - From atoms to macromolecules: 100 years of polymer research - An overview of oxidizing and reducing agents in total synthesis - Amino acid-derived ionic liquids: novel biodegradable catalytic systems for green synthesis of heterocycles

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Volume 18 presents 7 reviews focused on ionic materials, nanoparticles and nitrogen containing heterocycles in organic synthesis.

- Recent synthetic and biological advances in anti-cancer ferrocene-analogues and hybrids

- Synthesis of fused nitrogenated heterocycles: intramolecular povarov reaction

- Use of barbituric acid as a precursor for the synthesis of bioactive compound

- Ionic liquids as solvents and/or catalysts for organic synthesis

- Zinc oxide nanomaterials for biomedical applications

- Superhydrophobic polymeric nanocomposites coatings for effective corrosion protection

- Morphologies and properties of virgin and waste PP nanocomposites

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

This volume presents the following reviews:

Asymmetric hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted olefins

Recent advances in catalytic organic synthesis applications of covalently supported ionic liquids

Recent developments in intramolecular cyclization reactions via carbon-heteroatom (c-x) bond formation

• Efficient synthetic protocol and mechanistic study of quinazoline analogues and their biological importance

Synthesis of N,O,S-heterocycles by one-pot reactions of epoxides, aziridines and oxaziridines

There is considerable diversity in polymers extracted from natural sources and much work has been done to classify them according to their physical and chemical properties.

In the second part of this book set, readers will find general information about the physicochemical properties of several naturally occurring polysaccharides followed by a section dedicated to their application in different fields of research and medicine. Key topics in this part include:

• chitosan (properties modifications and applications)

• microbial biopolymers

• biopolymers present in Brazilian seeds

• protein-plastic foams

• biopolymer microencapsulation in the food industry

• biomedical gels

• collagen biomaterials

• biopolymer electrospinning

This reference is intended for students of applied chemistry and biochemistry who require information about the properties and applications of polysaccharides (such as chitosan) and other protein-based biopolymers.

This is an ideal textbook for researchers interested in sampling methods, survey methodologists in government organizations, academicians, and graduate students in statistics, mathematics and biostatistics. This textbook makes advanced topics easy to grasp for the readers. Many theoretical discussions about the latest estimators in literature are incorporated into almost all the chapters. This feature helps the academicians acquire necessary skills to follow up recent studies on their own. More than just an introductory text, the reader, who has mastered the contents of this book, should attain a level so as to be able to make a major contribution to the technical and research literature of sampling theory.

Time series analysis is applicable in a variety of disciplines, such as business administration, economics, public finance, engineering, statistics, econometrics, mathematics and actuarial sciences. Forecasting the future assists in critical organizational planning activities. Time series analysis is employed by many different organizations such as hospitals, universities, commercial enterprises or government organizations in order to forecast future scenarios. Therefore, many time series forecasting methods have been proposed and improved in statistical literature. Linear models such as Box-Jenkins methods were earlier used in many situations. Then, to overcome the restrictions of these linear models and to account for certain nonlinear patterns observed in real problems, some nonlinear models are also presented in literature. However, since these nonlinear models were developed for specific nonlinear patterns, they are not suitable for modeling other types of nonlinearity in time series. In recent years, efficient and advanced techniques such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy time series and some hybrid models have been used to forecast any kind of real life time series analyses. Both theoretical and empirical findings in academic literature show that these approaches give comparatively reliable forecasts than those obtained from conventional forecasting methods. In addition, conventional models require some assumptions such as linearity and normal distribution or cannot be utilized efficiently for some real time series such as temperature and share prices of stockholders since these kind of series contain some uncertainty. However, when advanced methods such as neural networks and fuzzy time series are used to forecast time series, there is no need to satisfy any assumption and the time series containing uncertainty can be forecasted efficiently.

This e-book contains recent effective applications and descriptions of these advanced forecasting methods. Readers will learn how these methods work and how these approaches can be used to forecast real life time series. In addition, the hybrid forecasting model approach, which combines different methods to obtain better forecast results, is also explained. Readers can also find the applications of hybrid forecasting models in this e-book. This e-book also enables skilled statisticians to create a new hybrid forecasting model suitable for their own objectives. Data presented in this e-book is problem based and is taken from real life situations. This e-book is a valuable resource for students, statisticians and working professionals interested in advanced time series analysis.

Determining the presence of different types of toxic compounds (or xenobiotics) in food requires precise analytical methodologies. Examples of these techniques include separation techniques coupled to mass spectrometry, Variations in methods used depend on the physicochemical properties of each xenobiotic being tested for.

Advances in the Determination of Xenobiotics in Foods explains recent developments in the field of xenobiotic determination in food. Readers are introduced to xenobiotic testing techniques through extensive reviews. Chapters also cover details about contaminants coming from food contact materials (such as plasticizers, food additives, polymer monomers/oligomers and non-intentionally added substances), substances used for food processing and sensing (nanoparticles), and residues of pesticides (that can also be present in the final food product). The book also includes information about specific xenobiotics that, due to their global distribution in the environment, are also likely to enter the food chain. Some of them are regulated (persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals) but there are many other types of contaminants (halogenated flame-retardants, perfluorinated compounds and micro- and nanoplastics) that must also be controlled. In addition, some xenobiotics could be present in the final food consumed because of food treatments (acrylamide, furan, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and glycidol esters). Finally, the concluding chapters of the book are devoted to the presence of natural contaminants such as mycotoxins and biogenic amines.

The combination of extensive information of analytical techniques for xenobiotics along with a categorical treatment of food contaminants makes this volume a handy reference for food science and technology students and technicians involved in food safety and processing management roles.

SERIES INTRODUCTION:

This book series presents reviews, and reference monographs on all aspects of food science and technology. The series is essential reading for food chemists and technician in both professional and academic settings.

Advances in the Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected Tropical Disease and Related Infectious Diseases offers an in-depth overview of recent progress in drug discovery targeting some of the world's most persistent and under-researched diseases. With a focus on medicinal chemistry and target-based drug design, this book explores critical pharmacological targets and innovative compounds aimed at combating neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and related infections.Spread across ten chapters, the book examines the current state and future directions of therapeutic research for diseases such as leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, sleeping sickness, malaria, schistosomiasis, dengue, Zika virus, tuberculosis, and fascioliasis. Each chapter provides details about disease-specific targets, structural activity relationships (SAR), and developments in promising lead compounds over the past decade.

Key features:

Focuses on pharmacological targets and medicinal chemistry strategies

Covers both parasitic and viral diseases with global health impact

Underlines emerging therapeutic approaches and SAR-guided design

Explains compound screening, optimization, and preclinical research

African Meteorites is a comprehensive exploration of meteorite falls and finds across the arid and hot regions of the African continent, offering profound insights into a significant collection of meteorites, second only to Antarctica. The book is divided into seven chapters, covering the origin and formation of meteorites, statistical analyses of meteorite falls in African countries, classes and mass distribution of meteorite finds, allocation and renaming of North West African (NWA) meteorites, exceptional and rare meteorite falls and finds in Eastern Morocco Sahara, protocols for recognizing, recovering, and preserving meteorites in Sahara, and a review of confirmed and proposed meteorite falls, finds, and impact structures in Egypt, Sudan, and Libya. With detailed and updated references complementing the simple presentation, this book is an invaluable resource for meteoriticists, hunters, museums, astronomers, students, and geology and astronomy enthusiasts, on the origin, characteristics, and collection of meteorites discovered in Africa. Key Themes: Meteorite origin, formation, and classification Meteorite falls and finds in Africa Unique features of North West Africa (NWA) meteorites Rare and exceptional meteorite falls and finds in Eastern Morocco Sahara Protocols for recognizing and preserving meteorites in the Sahara Meteorite falls, finds, and impact structures in Egypt, Sudan, and Libya

This book shows how agile principles and sustainable marketing work together to help brands innovate, communicate, and grow while meeting environmental and social goals.

Spanning 18 chapters, it moves from green consumer behaviour and eco-labelling to circular economy practices, sustainable tourism, AI in healthcare marketing, and green supply chain management. Drawing on global case studies, multidisciplinary research, and practical frameworks, this book equips professionals to transform their marketing strategies into drivers of meaningful change.

Key Features

Blends agile methodologies with sustainable marketing frameworks to drive innovation.

Integrates environmental, social, and ethical principles into brand strategies.

Applies circular economy, community-based branding, and sustainable packaging practices.

Leverages AI, digital transformation, and green supply chains for competitive advantage.

Provides actionable, research-based approaches using global case studies and practical tools.

The reference presents detailed research on the olive (Olea europaea) and the stone fruit. Readers will learn about the biotechnology, plant nutrition, plant breeding, pomology, postharvest physiology, plant pathology of these two plant species. In a practical sense, the book also presents applicable agricultural knowledge about these plants for crop improvement, production, nutrients, pest management, disease, genetic, genomic and the food industry.

The contributions by the authors of this book include descriptions about the manipulation of variables and genetic resources of inheritance of quantitative genes, crop rotation, soil water, and the effect of temperature on crop production. Aspects such as protecting crops against pests and diseases whilst ensuring the protection of human health are also taken into account.

This is a valuable reference for students, scientists, horticulturists and, in general, for anyone wishing to obtain knowledge and experience with olives and drupes to increase productivity.

Intensive use of fossil-based energy sources causes significant environmental problems on a global scale. Researchers have been working for several decades to find alternative energy solutions to fossil fuels. Algae are a renewable energy source, with high potential for increasing scarce resources and reducing environmental problems caused by fossil fuel use.

Algal Biotechnology for Fuel Applications gives the reader a comprehensive picture of the industrial use of algae for generating power. This book informs readers about the existence of alternative species to the currently used algae species for biofuel production, while also explaining the methods and current concepts in sustainable biofuel production.

Key Features

- Fifteen chapters covering topics on commercial algae species and algal biofuel production.

- Covers anaerobic biotechnology and basic biofuel production from thermal liquefaction

- Covers biodiesel production and algal biofuel characterization

- Introduces the reader to applied microbial fuel cell technology and algae cultivation methods

- Provides concepts about ecological engineering

- Covers microalgae culture and biofuel production techniques

- Explains the importance of catalysts

- Explains the economic evaluation of algae fuel production technology

This reference is essential reading for students and academics involved in environmental science, biotechnology, chemical engineering and sustainability education programs. It also serves as a reference for general readers who want to understand the ins and outs of algal biofuel technology.

Medicinal chemists around the world have been inspired by nature and have successfully extracted chemicals from plants. Research on enzymatic modifications of naturally occurring compounds has played a critical role in the search for biologically active molecules to treat diseases.

This book set explores compounds of interest to researchers and clinicians. It presents a comprehensive analysis about the medicinal chemistry (drug design, structure-activity relationships, permeability data, cytotoxicity, appropriate statistical procedures, molecular modelling studies) of different compounds. Each chapter brings contributions from known scientists explaining experimental results which can be translated into clinical practice.

Volume 3 presents (1) a brief overview of botanical and pharmacological properties of alkaloids, (2) a summary of the synthesis of natural morphinans and related alkaloids, (3) caffeine-based compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, (4) piperine derivatives, (5) noscapine-based anti-cancer agents, (6) biogenic amines and amino acid derivatives as carbonic anhydrase modulators and (7) antimalarial compounds on quinoline scaffolds.

The objective of this book is to fulfil gaps in current knowledge with updated information from recent years. It serves as a guide for academic and professional researchers and clinicians.

Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent cause of dementia that slowly and progressively causes cognitive impairment and profoundly alters the daily activities of the patients. Approximately, ten percent of all persons over the age of seventy experience significant memory loss, and in more than half of the cases, the cause is Alzheimer's disease.

This reference book is an update on the most relevant pathological and clinical findings of this

neurological disorder. Chapters cover the basic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease, pathological features of the disease in the brain, Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy. Information provided in the book is focused on research in developed countries.

The book offers students of medicine and nursing as well as medical practitioners and specialists (internists, neurologists, gerontologists, and psychiatrists), the necessary information to understand the pathological and clinical aspects of the disease in depth, with the goal of improving medical outcomes in the care of their patients.

This volume is the 1st in a series of Ebooks that bridges the gap between advances in science and clinical practice in odontology. Recent advances in biology, materials science and tissue engineering are increasingly viewed as being of enormous clinical potential. Stem cell research has opened up the possibility of reconstructing teeth from the association of epithelial and mesanchymal embryonic or adult cells, as an exciting alternative to metal implants. This Ebook will examine the multifunctional nature of a group of proteins known as the amelogenins. Latest studies indicate that this protein regulates the initiation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals during the mineralization of enamel. In addition, amelogenins organize enamel rods during tooth development, and also aid in the development of cementum by directing cells that form the cementum to the root surface of the teeth. The aim of this book is to serve as a bridge between basic biology and biomaterial sciences, and to inform clinicians about the implications of recent advances within these fields for clinical practice.

This atlas covers basic as well as novel information on the retinae of various representative vertebrates including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The book consists of over 200 illustrations with brief descriptions pointing out special features of each retina displayed. The detailed information on the complexity and variety of visual cells in different animals will give interested readers an insight on the retinae of vertebrates. The book is divided into the following sections

1) the general architecture of retinae in different groups of animals

2) the types of visual cells in different vertebrates

3) the other retinal cells and synapses

4) the degenerating retina

5) general format of vertebrate retinal development. This atlas provides a sufficient framework in comparative retinal studies to inspire new research in the field of functional ophthalmology and biodiversity of visual cells. The book should be a useful reference for biologists, veterinarians, ophthalmologists, and eye researchers.

An Epidemiological Update on COVID-19 brings recent findings about the pandemic to the forefront. The reference is a compilation of eleven chapters contributed by expert scholars in epidemiology and medicine that cover topics of interest to anyone interested in COVID-19 monitoring and response measures. The topics also indicate some clinical areas of interest to COVID-19 researchers that have received attention due to the pandemic. It covers basic knowledge about respiratory conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 epidemiology. These topics are complemented with chapters detailing the symptoms and biochemical mechanisms of novel coronavirus infections intended for readers with an advanced level of understanding of life sciences and medicine. Special topics such as the immune response to Sars-CoV-2, and, recombinant drugs for COVID-19, are also covered in this book. Each chapter is organized in a reader-friendly format and includes a list of references.

The Abu Serga Church is one of the oldest known Coptic churches in Egypt, with a history of almost 1700 years. This reference work presents a comprehensive geotechnical and geophysical survey of the vicinity of the Abu Serga Church. The book details the information of the survey using classical and modern methods of geotechnical engineering while keeping contemporary issues faced by site investigators in view. Chapters provide the data of the church site while covering topics of interest to students such as seismic analysis, 3-D modeling and historical preservation principles. Advanced methods of interest to engineers such as mathematical analysis using finite element methods are also covered.

This work provides key data about the Abu Sega Church site and is of interest to scholars and engineers involved in conservation engineering of architectural heritage (or built heritage), as well as readers interested in church studies.

Biotechnology, a branch of science and a fast-growing source of developing technologies, has shown immense potential for its utility across all the dimensions of our lives. Its applications range from drugs and therapeutics, industrial, household applications, biofuels, and information technology to almost all resource-based sectors, such as manufacturing, aquaculture, agriculture, and forestry. Biotechnology offers outstanding potential to meet the growing demand for food and energy production in a sustainable way. Recognizing its economic and strategic value, countries have implemented several measures to generate a homegrown biotechnology sector and help science-based companies develop. 

This book covers some of the most important legal issues arising in relation to biotechnology. Topics covered in chapters include 1) the historical development of a legal framework sufficient to protect public safety, 2) the current biotechnology regulatory system and the rules directing the primary agencies that regulate the products of biotechnology (namely the FDA, USDA and EPA), 3) the regulation of human genome editing and its impact on health research, 4) law and emerging genome editing technologies from recombinant DNA technology to CRISPR/Cas9 editing, 5) the development of legal principles to protect property rights in the human body and allow the efficient use of human tissue, organs, DNA, and cell-lines in medical research, and 6) legal issues arising from the use of genetic engineered plants and animals. The authors have ensured that the contents are easy to understand, making this an accessible reference for a broad range of readers. 

This book, therefore, serves as a quick summary of the prominent legal and regulatory issues in the biotech industry for professionals, as well as scholars in legal study programs.

The kidneys are a vital organ present in humans and vertebrate animals. Various toxic chemicals, present in food and water adversely affect the kidneys. Plants and plant-derived compounds have been a major source for the treatment and cure of diseases since ancient times. Even today, almost 25% of the prescription drugs for renal problems are sourced from plants. An Introduction to Nephroprotective Plants gives an overview of nephrotoxicity and medicinal plants used for protecting the kidney and reducing the effect of kidney toxicity and managing renal diseases. This book is an answer to the current gaps in knowledge resources on nephroprotective plants. The reader is introduced to the basic physiology of the renal excretory system and its disorders. The introduction is followed by chapters which give information on medicinal plants used in traditional systems of medicine (both codified and noncodified). Information about plant parts used, method of use and dosage is provided along with references.

Key Features:

- Simple structured presentation in six chapters

- Includes an introduction to the urinary system and its diseases

- Includes information about codified and noncodified medicinal plants used for neuroprotection

- Covers phytochemicals extracted from medicinal plants which are screened and used in modern medicine for nephroprotection in detail.

- Covers ethnobotanical and polyherbal formulations

- References for further reading

An Introduction to Nephroprotective Plants serves as a convenient desk reference for all researchers (pharmacologists, medicinal chemists, ethnobotanists) and healthcare professionals (physicians, pharmacists, nurses and medical students) who require complete information on nephroprotective plants.

An Introduction to Plant Immunity is a comprehensive guide to plant immunology and stress response. The book covers the topic in 21 detailed chapters, starting from an introduction to the subject to the latest knowledge about plant disease resistance. The topics covered in the book include plant pathogens, plant diseases, plant immunity, passive defense mechanisms, acquired resistance, molecular genetics of plant immunology, protein function and genetic engineering. Each chapter provides a reader-friendly introduction along with clear sections detailing each topic. Additionally, detailed references for further reading are also provided. The combination of basic and advanced information on plant immunity make this book an essential textbook for students in botany and plant biology courses. Researchers interested in plant genomics and the effects of environmental and microbial interactions on plants will also benefit from this informative reference.

This book represents a novel approach for the trigonometry and an original scientific work in this field, by using the ensemble structure composed of the real analysis and the axiomatic fundaments of geometry. Throughout this e – book one presents, in a proper manner, definitions, properties, formulae and applications more specific of the subject title and its immediate connections. The book is recommended not only as a pertinent introduction for the high school students, being also very useful for the university students, mathematics teachers and anyone who is interested in the major elements regarding the essence of real mathematics.

This update on SARS-CoV-2 focuses on basic knowledge about the virus and COVID-19 treatment. Chapters present basic information about the disease and its treatment. The virology, epidemiology, etiology, and damage response framework of SARS-CoV-2 are also discussed in detail. The book also covers recent topics of interest to pharmacology scholars such as the immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV2, nanotechnology, repurposed drug treatments, COVID-19 vaccines, and phytomedicine for COVID-19 therapeutics. Readers in pharmacology, virology and medicine will find the book a simple, yet informative update on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 treatment.

All developments in mathematics and computer science facilitate development of industrial applications. This e-book approaches the subject in a profoundly interdisciplinary manner. The spectrum of subjects covered in this e-book includes mathematics, computer science, materials science and industrial applications. Specifically, the e-book elaborates on mathematical models of phase-field transitions. Nonlinear parabolic systems represent the core of this book.

Mathematically speaking, it presents methods related to existence, uniqueness and regularity of solution, fractional steps, analysis of some boundary optimal control problems governed by phase-field transition system, conceptual algorithms to compute the approximate solution and boundary control.

Sample treatment has been the focus of intensive research in the last 20 years since it still remains a bottleneck in precise analytical procedures. The low concentration of the target analytes, the large amount of potential interfering agents and the incompatibility of the sample matrix with the instrumental techniques are the main reasons for these bottlenecks. In most of these methods, sample treatment is an unavoidable step and it has a clear influence on the quality (sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy) of the final analytical results.

While the usefulness of microextraction techniques has been established, their complete acceptance in analytical laboratories (including official methods of analysis) depends on their successful automation and integration with conventional analytical instrumentation.

Analytical Microextraction Techniques presents comprehensive information about several analytical methods that are useful in the laboratory. These include: sorptive microextraction, solid and liquid phase microextraction, packed sorbent microextraction, miniaturized dispersive solid-phase extraction, thin film and nanoparticle based techniques, and membrane-based techniques.

This is a vital reference on microextraction and sample preparation techniques for applied chemistry students, analytical chemists and laboratory technicians.

Ceramics have been used as biomaterials for oral and maxillofacial applications due to their excellent bioactivity, high hardness and wear resistance. One of the key drawbacks of synthetic implants is their failure to adapt to the local tissue environment. Improvements in reliability and biocompatibility of implants and prostheses can be achieved through surface modifications including the use of biomaterial thin films and nanocoatings.

This book provides readers with information about dental implants and biomaterial fabrication for maxillofacial procedures and dental bone / tissue repair. It is an ideal reference for medical and dental students and professionals (dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, prosthodontics) who are involved in implantology and tissue engineering. It will also provide valuable insights into the application and production of bioactive materials for any researchers and apprentices in materials science and biomedical engineering.

This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview of andrographolides and their analogues, highlighting their botanical origins, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and biotechnological applications. It explores the isolation, purification, and spectroscopic characterization of andrographolides from natural sources, emphasizing their therapeutic potential in antidiabetic studies and other medicinal uses. The book also explains cultivation techniques, agronomic strategies for Andrographis species, genetic improvements, and in vivo extraction methods aimed at enhancing andrographolide yields, with a focus on commercial cultivation and export strategies.

Dedicated chapters, contributed by experts, discuss the ethnobotanical significance of Andrographis species, traditional medicinal formulations, and advanced biotechnological interventions for conservation and utilization. Recent breakthroughs in understanding andrographolides'biosynthesis, metabolism, safety aspects, and promising applications in treating diabetes, cancer, inflammation, liver diseases, and neurological disorders are also covered. Readers will gain insight into how andrographolide analogues can be developed as "lead molecules" for creating next-generation phytodrugs.

Key Features

- Provides a comprehensive account of andrographolide-producing plant sources and their phytochemical and pharmacological properties.

- Explores the role of biotechnology in enhancing andrographolide production through in vivo and in vitro methods.

- Highlights the therapeutic efficacy of andrographolides and analogues in antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory drug development.

- Discusses cutting-edge advancements in the biosynthesis and semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolides.

- Covers cultivation, agronomic techniques, and genetic improvements to optimize andrographolide production for commercial applications.

This book is a valuable resource for researchers, pharmacologists, biotechnologists, and biomedical professionals focused on natural product-based drug discovery involving andrographolide.

This book provides an updated information about major systems for anesthesia in patients with concomitant diseases. Book chapters are designed to allow anesthesia providers to refresh their knowledge, and be able to focus on the current issues in these subspecialty areas. Readers will be able to approach anesthesia cases more effectively with the information provided. The chapters are written by eminent clinicians who are also outstanding teachers in their respective anesthesia training programs.

Topics covered in this volume include: thoracic anesthesia, cardiac anesthesia, anesthesia in the ENT patient, neuroanesthesia, intensive care / ICU medicine, medical ethics, and interesting cases.

The book serves as a handbook for advanced anesthesia professionals and a textbook for medical students.

Individuals with Angelman Syndrome (AS) present many unique challenges to professionals, parents and others who are committed to maximizing individuals’ competence while ensuring them the best possible quality of life. Angelman Syndrome: Communication, Educational, and Related Considerations is a unique, exhaustive compilation of existing material related to understanding the nature of AS and how individuals’ communication and related skills can be fostered most effectively. It provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the background of Angelman Syndrome along with an in-depth exploration of communication (with a focus on augmentative and alternative communication), educational, and related issues that should be addressed when attempting to meet the needs of individuals with AS at home, school, work, and elsewhere in the community.

Key features of the book include:

• Extensive background information about medical and related factors behind AS and how they influence individuals’ learning

• A series of prologues written by the parents of individuals with AS

• Contributions from internationally recognized experts on AS, communication disorders, psychology and education

• Numerous practical, evidence-based strategies for conducting assessments and carrying out interventions among AS affected individuals

Speech-language pathologists, allied healthcare providers and educators providing support to affected individuals should benefit from the information provided in the book by being able to identify appropriate communication, behavioral and educational goals. Laypersons, particularly parents, will also find the information highly useful in advocating for best practices for their children (which is partly fostered by the series of parental prologues).

Angelman Syndrome: Communication, Educational, and Related Considerations will not only serve as a valuable reference for improving the learning experience for AS affected individuals but will also embolden both professionals and parents to maintain higher expectations for them.

This reference presents information about models utilized in experimental medicine and pharmaceutical research and development for several human diseases. Written by experts in immunology, cancer biology and pharmacology, the book provides readers with handy notes and updated data on animal models that are critical to research planning and lab execution.

The main feature of the book is a set of 12 structured chapters that focus on a specific disease such as cancer, infectious diseases, autism, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease and anemia. The contributors have gathered information on a wide range of genetic and physiological animal models that are employed in research with comparative charts that highlight their main differences. The book also includes chapters for special topics like food allergies and dentistry. Additional features of the book are an explanation of disease mechanisms that give an easy understanding, notes for idiopathic models and specific clinical conditions, and a list of references for advanced readers.

Animal Models In Experimental Medicine is essential reading for scholars, graduate students and senior researchers in life sciences and clinical medicine. It also serves as a resource for professionals involved in bench-to-bedside pharmaceutical projects.

Anthocyanins are a diverse group of phytochemicals used for the treatment and management of acute and chronic ailments. This book is a comprehensive guide to anthocyanins and their importance as pharmaceutical and nutraceutical agents. The book provides detailed information about anthocyanin sources and their application in the treatment of diseases including cancer, gastric disorders, infertility, metabolic diseases, and neurological disorders.

Key features

· Explains the importance of phytochemicals and nutraceuticals

· Provides details of anthocyanin sources and mechanisms of action

· Includes chapters dedicated to the use of anthocyanins to treat specific diseases

· Provides a summary of the market for anthocyanins as a pharmaceutical and nutraceutical product

· Includes scientific references

Following the post 9/11 distribution of anthrax spores through the U.S. mail, and the resulting deaths of five individuals - primarily due to initial misdiagnosis - there has been a renewed interest in anthrax among clinicians and intelligence agencies, particularly as a biological warfare agent. This monograph brings forth essential knowledge about anthrax. Included in this volume, are, the early history, non-natural outbreaks of anthrax, characteristics of the causative organism Bacillus anthracis and its relationship to other members of the B. cereus family. Also included are reports on extensive clinical findings, mechanisms of anthrax virulence and the genetics responsible for these virulence factors. The extensive studies over the years regarding the development of veterinary and human vaccines, and molecular studies, including conventional PCR and real-time PCR are explained in comprehensive detail, with the help of tables, figures and extensive references. This eBook serves as an advanced presentation and reference work for individuals seeking detailed information regarding anthrax and as a primary guide for individuals pursuing studies on anthrax.

The inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective mechanism of slowing down tumor growth and malignancies. The process of induction or pro-angiogenesis is highly desirable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, wound healing disorders, etc. Efforts to understand the molecular basis, both for inhibition and induction, have yielded fascinating results.

Anti-angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development provides is an excellent compilation of well-written reviews on various aspects of the anti-angiogenesis process. These reviews have been contributed by leading practitioners in drug discovery science and highlight the major developments in this exciting field in the last two recent decades. The feast of these reader-friendly reviews on topics of great scientific importance – many of which are considered significant medical breakthroughs, makes this book excellent reading both for the novice as well as for expert medicinal chemists and clinicians.

The second volume of this ebook series covers topics including:

-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma as a Model of Pathological Angiogenesis

-Discovery and Development of Antiangiogenetic Drugs in Ovarian Cancer

-Anti-Angiogenic Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases

… and more.

The inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective mechanism of slowing down tumor growth and malignancies. The process of induction or pro-angiogenesis is highly desirable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, wound healing disorders, etc. Efforts to understand the molecular basis, both for inhibition and induction, have yielded fascinating results.

Anti-angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development provides an excellent compilation of well-written reviews on various aspects of the anti-angiogenesis process. These reviews have been contributed by leading practitioners in drug discovery science and highlight the major developments in this exciting field in the last two decades. The feast of these reader-friendly reviews on topics of great scientific importance – many of which are considered significant medical breakthroughs, makes this series excellent reading both for the novice as well as for expert medicinal chemists and clinicians.

This volume brings together 5 reviews on the following topics:

- Retinal angiogenesis

- Effects of brief daily EMF therapy on tumor growths

- Evolution of the role of angiogenesis in cancer treatments over six decades

- Anti-angiogenesis drugs

- Anti-angiogenesis therapy for multiple sclerosis

- Update on the link between angiogenesis and portal hypertension