Bentham Science Publishers

This reference distills information about emerging technologies and applications for smart city design and sustainable urban planning. Chapters present technology use-cases that have radical novelty and high scalability with a prominent impact on community living standards. These technologies prepare urban and rural dwellings for the transformation to the smart world.

Applications and techniques highlighted in the book use a combination of artificial intelligence and IoT technologies in areas like transportation, energy, healthcare, education, governance, and manufacturing, to name a few.

The book serves as a learning resource for smart city design and sustainable infrastructure planning. Scholars and professionals who are interested in understanding ways for transforming communities into smart communities can also benefit from the cases presented in the book.

Cultivators and livestock farmers are increasingly arranging innovative technical and scientific estimations with the aim to enhance agricultural sustainability, effectiveness, and plant health. Innovative farming technologies incorporate biology with smart technology (computers and sensor devices) exchanging information with one another autonomously in a structured farm management system.

This book presents reviews on innovative techniques and methodologies to complement conventional plant control and breeding attempts toward enhancing crop yield and production. Reviews covered in this volume include:

-Active compounds from pomegranate seeds

-Application of Enterococci and their bacteriocins for meat biopreservation

-Technological advancement in the detection and identification of plant pathogens

-Machine learning for precision agriculture

-Use of remote sensing technology and geographic information systems for agriculture and

environmental observation

The information presented in this volume will provide helpful updates for students, technology experts and professionals in the food security and sustainable agriculture sectors.

This book examines a wide range of emerging sources off water pollution. It consists of thirteen chapters dedicated to the topic, giving readers comprehensive information about the types of materials involved and the solution for their removal.

The first five chapters present an analysis of the emerging water pollutants, their toxicities, legislations available to monitor and regulate their emissions. This introduction is followed by 3 chapters that cover risk assessment of emerging pollutants, their fate and life cycle assessment. The last section of the book goes through the details of remediation technologies for wastewater treatment.

This reference is equally suitable for academia, industry professionals and students, presenting state-of-the-art learnings on emerging water pollutants and their remediation methods.

Environmental Law in the Russian Federation presents a comprehensive textbook on the current state of environmental legislation of the Russian Federation. The textbook is divided into three sections that are ordered for an increasing level of specialization in the subject.

- The first section (General Part) gives a definition of environmental law, formulates its principles and considers the sources of environmental law and legal relations. Readers will learn about the issues related to the ownership of natural resources, the legal framework and specifics of environmental protection and management, and associated human and civil rights. The distinguishing features of economic regulation in the area of environmental protection as well as issues of responsibility for environmental offenses are also covered.

- The second section (Special Part) sets forth the main environmental requirements for certain types of economic and other human activities and the specifics of environmental protection in areas with a special environmental legal regime (specially protected areas and ecological disaster zones). Chapters in this section consider the main areas of protection of certain natural objects (water, forests, land, etc.).

- The third section (Specialized Part) clarifies the main areas of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection and considers the main characteristics of the environmental protection experience of other countries.

The textbook is an essential reference for law and business students in Russian schools. It is also of interest to entrepreneurs planning ventures in Russia and researchers involved in comparative legal analysis.

Pollution of the aquatic environment is a real threat across the globe. It is becoming a topic of intense study for researchers. It has been updated and almost completely revised. The Mediterranean Sea has been recognized as a target hotspot of the world as the pollutant concentration in this region is greater than the levels in other oceans.

The book summarizes research on marine pollutants in the Mediterranean Sea. It presents 5 concise reviews focusing on microplastics, rare earth elements and biotoxins & which are now commonly found in the region. The Editors also emphasize on pollution problems in the Mediterranean region, with 2 chapters presenting studies on Lebanon and Morocco, respectively. The book adds to the collective information on Mediterranean marine pollution. Additionally, references are included at the end of each chapter for the benefit of advanced readers. The contributions also include discussions on important techniques used to monitor and control marine pollution, such as the bio-monitoring of effluents, and ecological impact assessment of microplastic pollution on fish and the environment.

The knowledge of plant responses to various abiotic stresses is crucial to understand their underlying mechanisms as well as the methods to develop new varieties of crops, which are better suited to the environment they are grown in. Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity provides readers a timely update on the knowledge about plant responses to a variety of stresses such as salinity, temperature, drought, oxidative stress and mineral deficiencies. Chapters focus on biochemical mechanisms identified in plants crucial to adapting to specific abiotic stressors along with the methods of improving plant tolerance. The book also sheds light on plant secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids and plant growth regulators in ameliorating the stressful conditions in plants. Additional chapters present an overview of applications of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics (including CRISPR/CAS techniques) to develop abiotic stress tolerant crops. The editors have also provided detailed references for extended reading to support the information in the book.

Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity is an informative reference for scholars and researchers working in the field of botany, agriculture, crop science and physiology, soil science, and environmental sciences.

Multidisciplinary research involving crystallography, kinetic studies, molecular docking, genetics and other techniques in biochemistry has yielded a wealth of knowledge about the reaction mechanisms in cellular processes. This knowledge has allowed researchers to understand, in a better way, the normal functioning of the cell process, which is used as a reference point for learning about and preventing or correcting pathologies that cause diseases.

This enzymology reference is a thorough compendium about reaction mechanisms occurring between the major enzymes related to the biosynthetic pathways of 3 important types of biological compounds – 6-carbon carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids – and their substrates, cofactors and residues. Readers will gain an understanding of the interaction between substrates or ligands with specific amino acid residues in biosynthetic enzymes. This understanding builds a foundation for learning about the biochemistry of different inhibitors used in the treatment of several diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, and metabolic syndrome alterations such as diabetes and obesity.

Enzymes covered in the book include aldolases, isomerases, kinases, mutases, synthases, dehydrogenases, reductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases among others, all of which are wide spread in biochemical transformations.

This reference, with its insights on common biochemical enzymes serves as a handy guide for students, researchers and professionals involved academia or industry related to pharmaceutical development, healthcare, food chemistry and other disciplines.

This handbook covers some primary instruments-based techniques used in modern biological science and medical research programs. Key features of the book include introductory notes for each topic, a systematic presentation of relevant methods, and troubleshooting guides for practical settings.

Topics covered in part 2 include:

· Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy

· High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

· Raman spectroscopy

· Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy

· Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

· Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

· SEM-EDX and its applications in plant science

This book is a simple, useful handbook for students and teachers involved in graduate courses in life sciences and medicine. Readers will learn about the basics of featured techniques, the relevant applications and the established protocols.

Evaluating the impact of Laws Regulating Illicit Drugs on Health and Society serves as an informative reference for social science researchers and policymakers on the science behind drug regulation. The book presents contributions from many leading researchers in drug law and policy evaluation. The 12 chapters highlight scientific evidence from a diverse range of international projects on evaluation of different illicit drug laws. Each contribution takes policies into account while also using methodological tools and relevant data sets. For a priori evaluation, the modern leximetric approach is applied to compare different drug laws. For posterior evaluation the analysis of social and health outcomes, using standard and new indicators are presented, discussed and applied. Next, the book covers the use of drug market estimation methods in policy research. Specific new indicators allowing the evaluation of interventions such as harm reduction and prevention are presented and analysed using international research data. The book concludes with a summary of the links of illegal drug market gains with corruption, and its consequences. Evaluating the impact of Laws Regulating Illicit Drugs on Health and Society gives readers a unique, evidence-based perspective on the relationship between drugs, laws, policy and socioeconomic conditions. Key Features 1. Features 12 contributions from international experts on drug legislation and social science 2. Demonstrates evidence-based evaluation of drug laws and policies 3. Highlights Leximetric and forecast methods applied to illicit drug laws with examples 4. Highlights the use of standard and new socioeconomic indicators to evaluate drug laws and policies 5. Informs readers about different policy approaches to drug regulation and their consequences 6. Summarizes the links of illegal drug markets with corruption 7. Provides detailed references for further reading